Numismatic notes & monographs.
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(nu mismatic notes
AND MONOGRAPHS
LATE SELEUCID MINTS
IN
AKE-PTOLEMAIS AND DAMASCUS
EDWARD T., NEWELL
The(^mbrican Numismatic Society V
!3roadway at 156th Street
New York
1939
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PUBLICATIONS
The American Journal of Numismatics,
1866-1920.
Monthly, May, 1866-April, 1870.
Quarterly, July, 1870-October, 1912.
Aimually, 1913-1920.
With many plates, illustrations, maps and tables.
I/ess than a half-dozen complete sets of the
Journal remain on hand. Price on application.
The numbers necessary to complete broken sets
may in most cases be obtained. An index to
the first fifty volumes has been issued as part
oi Volume 1,1, It may be purchased sepa-
rately for $3.00.
The American Niunismatic Society. Catalogue
of the International Exhibition of Contempo-
Medals. March 1910. New and re-
vised edition. New York. 1911. xxxvi, 412
pages, 512 illustrations. $3.00.
Numismatic Notes and Monographs
10 .
12 .
13.
14.
15.
17.
18.
19.
9. 1921. 70 pp.
Seleucid Coinage at Tyre. 1921.
pp« o pis. $1.00.
^ 1 f je-Mohammedan Coinage of N. W. India.
19,^2. 56 pp. 15 pis. $2.00.
SP* Attambelos I of Characene. 1922. 12 pp. 3
pis. 91.00.
Taras Oikistes (A Contribution to Tarentine
Nui^smatics). 1922. 234 pp. 13 pis. $3.50.
Agnes Baldwin. Six Roman Bronze Medallions. 1923. 39 OD.
6 pis. $1.50.
Howland Wwd. Tegucigalpa Coinage of 1823. 1923. 16 pp.
Alexander Hoards— II. Demanhur
Hoard. 1923. 162 pp. 8 pis. $2.50.
NUMISMATIC
NOTES AND MONOGRAPHS
Number 84
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Numismatic Notes and Monographs
is devoted to essays and treatises on sub-
jects relating to coins, paper money,
medals and decorations and is uniform
with Hispanic Notes and Monographs
published by the Hispanic Society of
America, and with Indian Notes and
Monographs issued by the Museum of the
American Indian — Heye Foundation.
Publication Committee
Agnes Baldwin Brett, Chairman
Stephen H. P. Pell
Thomas O. M Abbott
Editorial Staff
Sydney Philip Noe, Editor
Sawyer McA. Mosser, Associate Editor
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LATE SELEUCID MINTS
IN
AKE-PTOLEMAIS AND DAMASCUS
The American Numismatic Society
BROADWAY AT I56TH STREET
NEW YORK
1939
fN :
f.n ::
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UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA
COPYRIGHT 1939 BY
THE AMERICAN NUMISMATIC SOCIETY
THE INTELLIGENCER PRINTING CO.
LANCASTER, PA.
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I
‘■9
LATE SELEUCID MINTS
IN
AKE-PTOLEMAIS AND DAMASCUS
By Edward T. Newell
As province after province fell, or was forcibly
taken away from the declining Seleucid empire,
certain minor mints grew in importance as useful
subsidiaries to the great central establishment at
Antioch. Their activity even increased when the
shrunken core of the once mighty empire commenced
to break into parts during the fratricidal wars
between the last of the Seleucid scions. The issues
of Antioch have already been segregated by the
present writer.^ Those of Tarsus, Sidon and Tyre
are so clearly marked by local types, or by the use
of obvious monograms, that they have long been
identified by scholars. The silver coinages of other
lesser mints are not always differentiated (either
from each other or from that of Antioch) as clearly
as one might wish. The present paper proposes,
therefore, to study the issues of two of these mints
particularly active during the last half-century of
Seleucid domination.
The writer’s most grateful thanks are hereby ex-
tended to E. S. G. Robinson, Esq., of the British
Museum, to M. Jean Babelon of the Biblioth^ue
Nationale, to Miss Roberts of the Hunterian
Museum, to S. W. Grose, Esq., of the Fitzwilliam
> Newell, The Seleucid Mint of Antioch, New York. 1918.
1
M53277
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• • • • • • •
2 *** * ’’tA’f'VsELEUCID MINTS IN
••• _
Museunirto Sir Charles Oman and M. H. de Nan-
teuil, for so generously forwarding casts of certain
rare varieties described in the following pages.
I
AKE-PTOLEMAIS
Ake-Ptolemais is first known to numismatists as a
Seleudd mint’ by the issue of local bronze coins
bearing the portrait of Antiochus IV.* Under the
Egyptian influence exercised over Palestine and
Phoenicia by the able Ptolemy VI Philometor on
behalf of his proUgi Alexander Bala, Ake-Ptolemais
as well as other coastal cities such as Sidon, Tyre,
Ber3^s issued* a series of “Ptolemaic” tetradrachms
*The gold coins of Sdeucns I asdgned to Ake-Ptolemais by
Rouvier, Journal Internationale d’archMogie numismatique, VoL
IV. 1901. p. 200. Nos. 929-934 and by Babelon. Rois de Syrie etc.,
pp. si and sxxvi. have long been recognized as certainly belonging
elsewhere. Cf. Hill. Brit. Mus. Cat.. Phoenicia, p. Ixzviil. n. 3;
Newell, Tyrus Rediviva, p. 18. n. 7.
* Babelon. loc, dt., pp. dii and 79. Nos. 619-23; J. Rouvier. loc.
eit., p. 201. Nos. 935-40. The tetradrachm No. 941 is of the
Antioch mint. The bronze coin of this mint, given by Babelon.
p. 59. No. 456. to Antiochus HI. has been shown by Rouvier, loc.
cit., p. 213, No. 991, to be an issue of Claudius I. Cf. also B. M. C.,
Phoenicia, p. Isris.
* Rouvier. loc. dt., p. 203, No. 949 (his Nos. 947-8 are of the
Antioch mint). Unfortunately No. 949 is a modem cast, but made
from a genuine coin now lost. There do, however, exist two
genuine examples of these Phoenician tetradrachms struck at Ake-
Ptolemais by Alexander Bala. One, dated BSP, was secured by
Rouvier after the publication of his work, and is now in the author’s
collection (Cf. Plate I, A); the second, dated PSP, was in Col.
AUotte de la Fuse’s collection, sold by Ciani in February 1925, No.
837, Pi. 15, and is also in the author’s collection.
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'9
of Phoenician weight and with the Ptolemaic eagle
on the reverse. Ptolemy, himself, struck at Ake-
Ptolemais a similar tetradrachm but bearing his own
portrait on the obverse.® These issues erf Ake-
Ptolemais are all clearly differentiated from the
similar coins^es of her sister cities in Phoenicia by
displaying a barley-stalk in the held behind the
eagle, accompanied by the letters, ITTO, or by the
monogram, iTt. It is also to be noted that, unlike
the other issues, the eagle at our mint is depicted
standing upon a thunderbolt.® Under Tryphon,
there was a rare issue of ^milar pieces,^ followed,
apparently, by a complete cessation of silver coinage
throughout the reign of Antiochus VII.
At this time, however, the municipal authorities
of Ake-Ptolemais probably issued the two small
copper denominations with autonomous types (1:
Jugate heads of the Dioscuri on the obverse, double
comucopiae on the reverse; II: Laureate head of
Apollo on the obverse, a lyre on the reverse) and
the legend ANTIOXEQN TON EN HTOAEMAIAI.®
These coins display only monograms or single
* J. N. Svoronos. Ti toO xp^hou; x&w nvoXtiuiEuv, Vol.
II. p. 244. No. 1486. PI. XLVIII. 19-20.
*At Berytu*. the eagle stands upon a palm-branch, at Tyre
upon a ship’s ram, at Sidon upon nothing at all.
^ Babelon, loc. cit„ No. 1056, PI. XXI, 4; Rouvier, toe. cit.. No.
953. Another ezamide, in the Hague, was published by Imhoof-
Blumer, Zeitsehrift fir Numismatik, VoL III, 1876, PI. IX, 9.
These coins we again find marked by the barley stalk, the mono-
gram iTl. and the thimderbolt. Cf. Plate I. B.
*Brit. Mus. Cat.. Phomicia, p. 128, Nos. 1-7; Rouvier, loc. cU„
Nos. 962, 972. His No. 971 also belongs here, but be mistook the
magistral letters IE as a date (BS).
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LATE SELEUCID MINTS IN
letters as mint-marks, and are also of considerably
better style than the later copper ^th the inscrip-
tion, ANTIOXEQN TON EN OTOAEMAIAI lEPAS
ASTAOr which are marked with dates running from
ZHP to Eqp.»
It was not until the second reign of Demetrius II,
that our mint recommenced its coinage of royal
Seleucid silver pieces.
DEMETRIUS II
Second Reign in Ake-Ptolemais, 129-126 B. C.
Year 128-127 B. C.
1. Attic Tetradrachm
Ohv. Diademed, bearded head of Demetrius II to r.
Fillet border.
Rev. BASIAEQS AHMHTPIOr in two lines on
the r., 0EOY NIKATOPOS in two lines on the 1.
Zeus, naked to waist, seated to 1. on diphros, holds
Nike with diademed wreath in outstretched r., rests 1.
upon sceptre. Beneath throne, fyl. In the exergue,
EHPand iTl.
a) Vienna, gr. 16.45, PLATE I; /3) Newell, gr. 16.68,
PLATE I; y) Naville Sale X, June 1925, No. 1342, gr.
16.46, PI. 51; «) Paris, No. 1206, gr. 16.20; e) NavUle
Sale X, June 1925, No. 1343, gr. 16.47, PI. 51;/r) London,
No. 14, gr. 16.19; f) Glasgow, Hunter Coll., Vol. Ill, p.
86, No. 1, gr. 16.42.
a, 0, and 7 are from the same obverse die.
2. Phoenician Tetradrachm
Obv. Similar to the preceding, except that there is a
dotted instead of a fillet border.
• See below Nos. 12, IS. 18, 23. 25. 27.
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tj jj. nrrifxr
1.
AKE-PTOLEMAIS AND DAMASCUS 5
Rev, BASIAEQS AHMHTPIOY around an eagle
standing to 1. upon a thunderbolt. In 1. field, iTT above
1^. In r. field, EIIP. Between eagle's legs, lYl.
a) Paris, No. 1194, gr. 13.90, PI. xxii, 12; /3) Paris,
No. 1195, gr. 13.70; y) Paris, No. 1196, gr. 13.50;
3) Naville Sale X, June 1925, No. 1330, gr. 13.58, PI. 50;
e) Newell, formerly Rouvier,/oc. cit.. No. 954, gr. 13.53,
PLATE II; /^) London; D Bunbury Coll., Numismatic
Chronicle, 3rd Ser., Vol. Ill, 1883, p. 102, gr. 13.87,
PI. vi, 7.
3. Phoenician Didrachm
Obv. Similar to the preceding.
Rev. Similar to the preceding, and with the same
date and monograms.
a) Paris, No. 1197, gr. 6.55; 0) Newell, fornaerly
Rouvier, loc. cit., No. 955, gr. 6.61 (the weight given
by Rouvier is an error), PLATE II.
Year 127-126 B. C.
4 . Attic Tetradrachm
Obv. Similar to No. 1.
Rev. Same types and inscription as No. 1, except
that the Nike in Zeus’ hand faces to the r. In the
exergue, H ftl-
a) Naville Sale XII, Oct. 1926, No. 1978, PI. 57 ( =
Walcher de Molthein Coll., No. 2993, PI. xxvii), gr.
16.09; 0) Bement Coll., Naville Sale VII, June 1924,
No. 1700, gr. 16.33, PI. 59 (= Headlam* Coll., Sotheby
Sale, May 1916, No. 446, PI. x); y) Hess Sale, Lucerne,
Dec. 1933, No. Ill, gr. 16.38, PI. 4 (= Naville Sale X,
June 1925, No. 1353, PI. 52); 3) Newell, gr. 16.32,
PLATE II, 5; e) Luneau Coll., Platt Sale, March 1922,
No. 747, PI. xvi; f) Cahn Sale 61, Dec. 1928, No. 168,
gr. 14.30, PI. vi; t) Gla^ow, Hunter Coll., Vol. Ill, p. 86,
No. 3, gr. 16.81, PI. Ixviii, 23.
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LATE SELEUCID MINTS IN
5. Phoenician Tetradrachm
Obv, Similar to No. 2.
Rev. Same inscription and types as No. 2. In 'l.
field, KH above fYl. In r. field, ^IIP.
NeweU, gr. 12.86, PLATE II, 6.
6. Phoenician Didrachm
Obv. Similar to the preceding.
Rev. Similar to the preceding.
Paris, No. 1 198, gr. 6.70. Owing to the small size of
the letters, the date could also be read as £IIP. PLATE
11,4.
Demetrius II, escaping from his long Parthian
captivity, returned in 129 B. C. and recovered what
was left of the Seleudd empire. Tyre, the most
active Seleudd mint south of Antioch, commenced
coining prolifically in his name in the Seleudd year
183, which is 130-129 B. C.*® The same is true of
Antioch,^^ though at that mint his issues are not
dated. As the escape of Demetrius and the death of
Antiochus VII in Media took place within a short
time of each other in the spring of 129 B. C.,** these
issues probably first commenced to appear shortly
afterward.
Very soon, however, Demetrius had managed to
make himself thoroughly unpopular at Antioch,
with the upshot that Ptolemy VIII Euergetes II
was able to install there (128 B. C.) a creature of his
Edgar Rogers. The Second and Third Seleudd Coinage of Tyre,
in NumisnuUic Notes and Monographs^ No. 34, pp, 8, 26.
u Newell, The Seleudd Min^ of Antioch^ pp. 82-4.
IS Sevan, The House of Seleucus, Vol. II, pp. 244-247.
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AKE-PTOLEMAIS AND DAMASCUS 7
own, one Alexander, nicknamed Zebina. Demetrius
II now ruled only over Phoenicia, Coele-Syria and
Palestine. And having thus lost the great central
mint of Antioch, Demetrius apparently proceeded
to replace it by causing the coastal mints still in his
possession to issue Attic as well as their more usual
Phoenician tetradrachms. Thus, it happens that
we now suddenly find Attic tetradrachms coined at
Sidon,“ Tyre,'^ and Ake-Ptolemais, all bearing the
Seleudd date 185 = 128-127 B. C. The types of
these Attic tetradrachms are not Phoenician but
royal Antiochene, i. e., with the bearded portrait of
Demetrius surrounded by fillet border on the ob-
verse, seated Zeus on the reverse.
As at Tyre and Sidon, so also at Ake-Ptolemais
this Attic coinage (Nos. 1 and 4) is accompanied by
a renewed coinage on the Phoenician standard,
comprising two denominations, the tetradrachm and
didrachm (Nos. 2, 3, 5, 6). It is interesting to note,
though, that at our mint both the Attic and the
Phoenician coinages display a contemporary por-
trait of Demetrius II, wearing his long Parthian
beard. In contrast, the issues of the two separate
standards at both Sidon and Tyre are differentiated
not only by their weights and reverse types, but also
by the use of a bearded head on the Attic and of a
now anachronistic beardless bust on the Phoenician
coins.
During the first year (ETBP) of the re-opening of
the royal mint at Ake-Ptolemais, all coins are
>*Cf. Paris No*. 1203-5.
Edgar Rogers* loc. cU.^ p. 32* No. 131.
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LATE SELEUCID MINTS IN
marked with the city’s monogram iTl, just as in the
days of Alexander I Bala and Tryphon. Like the
earlier coins, the Phoenician pieces again depict the
eagle standing on a thunderbolt, but the barley-stalk
is missing. On the Attic tetradrachm (No. l), we
find but one magistrate indicated, fyl; on the
Phoenician denominations two, KH and lYl.
It is curious to note that the monogram lYI also
appears in this very same year (BIIP) on the coins
of both Sidon and Tyre. At Sidon it occurs in this
one year only.“ At Tyre it had appeared for the first
time on the initial Phoenician tetradrachm struck
by Alexander I Bala in BSP.** It reappeared seven
years later in 0SP on a Phoenician tetradrachm of
Demetrius IPs first reign.*^ From AIIP (second
reign of Demetrius II) onwards, it recurs frequently
at Tyre. It is possible that this man, one of the
most active mint officials at Tyre, was employed not
only to initiate the special coinage of Tyrian Attic
tetradrachms in EIIP, but also to re-open the mint
at Sidon which had been quiescent, so far as the
issuing of silver money was concerned, since the year
HOP in the reign of Antiochus VII.^® After super-
vising the initial re-coinage here, lYl apparently
delegated his power to 15 » and transferred the
i^On the Attic tetradrachm^ Paris No. 1205 and on a specimen
in the author’s collection; on the Phoenician tetradrachm, Numis^
tnaiic Chronicle 3rd Sen, Vol. Ill, 1883, Pi. VI, 8, and on a speci-
men in the author’s collection.
^ Edgar Rogers, /oc. cti., pp. 7 and 15, No. 1.
Ibid.^ pp. 7 and 18, No. 32.
w A tetradrachm in the author’s collection, from Rouvien
I’Who signed the remaining Sidonian coins of year EIIP. Cf.
Paris, Nos. 1203-4.
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i—
iJ. i*. ocinrxt-i-i- 1 ^.n^« ■*-*
3
AKE-PTOLEMAIS AND DAMASCUS 9
scene of his activities to Ake-Ptolemais where coins
of both EIIP and (jnP bear his signature. At
Tyre, coins signed by ft1 continued to appear
regularly throughout the years EUP, (^IIP and
ZnP, at which time Tyre received her independence
and at once inaugurated an autonomous coinage of
her own.*® But M continued to sign the new Tyrian
“shekels” regularly for another twelve years or
more.**
This suggested identity of person between the
various M’s signing the coins of Sidon, Tyre and
Ake-Ptolemais in the year EIIP is suppositional.
It is predicated, however, upon the close proximity
to each other of the three mints,** as well as upon
the obviously special nature of this coinage of Attic
tetradrachms. Their issue lasted but one year at
both Sidon and Tyre, two at Ake-Ptolemais. As
the coinage of any silver money at all had been in
abeyance for some seven years at Sidon and eleven
years at Ake-Ptolemais, it may well have been con-
sidered advisable to send a practised functionary
from an active mint like Tyre to supervise the re-
newed production of silver money at her two
neighboring cities.
The undated Attic tetradrachm. No. 4, may have
*0 British Museum Catalogue. Phoenicia, p. cxxxiv.
Rouvier. Jour* ini* d'arch* num„ Vol. VI, 1903, pp. 296-300,
records his presence until year twelve (No. 1983). On the British
Museum coins, he appears regularly until year nine (No. 65). A
similar monogram occurs again in the years 19 (No. 90) and 24
(No. 105) but these may belong to another person.
^ Sidon is distant from Tyre but twelve miles by road; Tyre is
distant from Ake-Ptolemais some eighteen miles by road.
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LATE SELEUCID MINTS IN
been coined towards the close of EIIP, as well as in
CnP. Its two monograms appear on the accom-
panying Phoenician coins of both years.
CLEOPATRA
Sole reign at Ake-Ptolemais, 126-125 B. C.
Year 126-125 B. C.
7. Attic Tetradrachm
Ohv. Veiled bust of Cleopatra to r., wearing diadem,
sUphane and veil. Fillet border.
Rev. BASIAISSHS KAEOIIATPAS in two lines
on the r., 0EAS ETETHPIAS in two lines on the 1.
Two comucopiae filled with fruits and bound with a
royal diadem. On r., S . On 1., ZIIP.
London, No. 1, gr. 16.65, PLATE II.
After Alexander II Zebina had with Egyptian
help secured his position at Antioch, Demetrius II
apparently removed his court to Ake-Ptolemais.
At least, it is there that we find** Queen Cleopatra
at the time that her husband Demetrius was meeting
the army of the usurper near Damascus. Demetrius
was routed and fled to Ake-Ptolemais, only to
discover that the strong-willed Cleopatra had de-
cided to take matters into her own hands and had
shut the gates against him. He fled to Tyre, where
he was slain by the governor of the dty, probably
by order of Cleopatra herself. She also would have
none of her oldest son by Demetrius, Seleucus, and
** Appian, Syr. 68; Josephus, AniiQuUies XIII, 268.
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AKE-PTOLEMAIS AND DAMASCUS 11
had him assassinated when he attempted to assume
the diadem on his own initiative.^
In the year 126-125 B. C., then, Cleopatra was
ruling alone in Ake-Ptolemais and issued the pre-
ceding tetradrachm dated ZHP. It bears the
monogram 2 on whose strength previous scholars
have assigned the coin to Sycamina** or Scythopolis.**
Babelon^^ rightly questions the attribution to
Sycamina but offers no suggestion of his own. On
numismatic grounds, and by analogy with Nos. 4-6,
the monogram can only be that of some magistrate.
In general, on Seleucid coins of the period, city
monograms play a subordinate r61e and are seldom
found except as accessories to the monogram of the
officiating magistrate.^® In other words, the coins
always bear magistrates’ monograms and only oc-
M Appian, Syr. <59; Justin, XXXIX, 1, 9; Livy, Epit., lx.
Percy Gardner, in British Museum Catalogue, The SeUucid
Kings of SyriOt p. xxx; de Saulcy, Monnaies daUes des SileucideSt
p* 61.
Edgar Rogers, Numismatic Chronicle, 4th Sen, Vol. XIX, 1919,
pp. 22~29« Dn Rogers’ arguments are somewhat weakened by the
fact that he includes (p. 23) among his coins supposedly bearing
the monogram £ , one (Babelon, No. 1359) which does not possess
this monogram. The piece was actually coined at Damascus, as
we shall see below, p. 60, No. 87. Further, the coin in the British
Museum {The Seleucid Kings of Syria, p. 86, No. 6, PI. XXIII, 3)
which he lists, does not bear a date as he claims; and his own coin,
PI. Ill, 3, is dated B<IP, not QflP.
Rois de Syrie etc., p. cliii.
^An exception would seem to be Tyre, whose monogram V
had invariably marked its coins since the days of Alexander Bala
(not to mention its issues under Ptolemy II and III). But here it
is always united with the more conspicuous club which, since the
time of Demetrius Poliorcetes, is par excdlence the symbol of the
Tyrian mint. Under the Seleudds, it never stands alone but is
always accompanied by one or more magistral monograms.
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LATE SELEUCID MINTS IN
casionally city monograms. When but one mono-
gram appears on a coin, we can be certain that it
represents a magistrate, not a city.
Looking at the matter from a purely historical and
economic standpoint, this ephemeral coinage which
appeared during the short period that Cleopatra
ruled alone, could have been struck only at Ake-
Ptolemais, her royal residence and the city in which
she and her court actually found themselves when
she repudiated her worthless husband, and herself
assumed the reins of government. Its style and
workmanship, both of excellent quality for the
period, are identical with those of the immediately
preceding issue (Nos. 1-6) of Demetrius II. On
these pieces the monogram, ft? , definitely proclaims
their place of issue to have been Ake-Ptolemais. Be-
cause of its close similarity of style and fabric. No.
7 must also have been coined there. It is unreason-
able to suppose that, in the crisis, a coin so well
executed would be produced for Cleopatra at
Sycamina or at Scythopolis — neither of which places
had ever possessed a royal Seleucid mint of any sort.
There seems no possible reason why No. 7 should
not have been produced in the now active mint of
the city which was Cleopatra’s capital, her residence,
and the seat of her power.
The reverse type of the double comucopiae may
have been adopted in allusion to Cleopatra’s
Egyptian origin, for the type is the usual one for
the gold coins of that country, coins doubtless well
known in Palestine. Many a gold mnaieia, with
the comucopiae reverse, had been coined at Sidon,
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Tyre, Joppa, Gaza and at Ake-Ptolemais itself. The
double comucopiae was also the reverse type of
most of the municipal bronze coins struck at the
latter city in the preceding thirty years. Thus,
we have an added reason for recognizing Ake-
Ptolemais as the true mint of No. 7.
CLEOPATRA AND ANTIOCHUS VIII
125-121 B. C.
Year 125 B. C.
8. Attic Tetradrachm
Obv. Heads of Cleopatra with veil, stephane and
diadem, and of Antiochus with diadem, jugate to r.
Fillet border.
Rev. BA2IAIS2HS KAEOHATPAS OEAS in
three lines on r., KAI BASIAEQS ANTIOXOT in
three lines on 1. Zeus Nicephorus enthroned to 1. In
outer 1. field, S.
a) London, No. 6, gr. 16.65, PI. xxiii, 3; fi) Naville
Sale I, Apr. 1921, No. 3010, gr. 16.52, PI. Ixxxix;
y) Collignon Coll., Feuardent &le, May 1914, No. 397,
PI. xx; 5) Ratto Sale, May 1912, No. 1095, gr. 15.96,
PI. xxi; e) Vogel Coll., Hess Sale, March 1929, No. 406,
gr. 16.35, PI. 11; /r) Naville Sale X, June 1925, No. 1382,
gr. 16.45, PI. 53; f) Otto Coll. Hess Sale 207, Dec. 1931,
No. 675 (Naville &le X, June 1925, No. 1383, PI. 53),
gr. 16.47, PI. 16; 17) O’Hagan Coll., Sotheby Sale, May
1908, No. 686, PI. xi, gr. 16.26; 9) Ratto &le, Apr. 4,
1927, No. 2518, PI. Ixiii (= Bement Coll., Naville Sale
VII, June 1924, No. 1707, PI. 59 = Schlesinger y Guz-
man, Sotheby Sale, July 1914, No. 118, PI. vii),gr. 16.57;
t) Mrs. E. T. Newell, gr. 16.63; *) Newell, gr. 16.42,
PLATE II; X) Fenerly Bey Coll., Egger SaleXLI, Nov.
1912, No. 737, gr. 16.15, PI. xx; m) Eg^er Sale XLV, Nov.
1913, No. 769, gr. 15.88, PI. xxi (= Tobin Bush Coll.,
Sotheby Sale, Nov. 1902, No. 250, PI. ii); v) Bement
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LATE SELEUCID MINTS IN
Coll., Naville Sale VII, June 1924, No. 1706, PI. 59;
{) Luneau Coll., Platt Sale, Mar. 1922, No. 749, PI. xvi;
o) Sir Herman Weber Coll., Vol. Ill, Part II, No. 7926,
gr. 15.98, PI. 290; x) New York, Metropolitan Museum
of Art CJ. Ward Coll., No. 798, PI. xx, gr. 16.49; p) Cons.
Weber Coll., Hirsch Sale XXI, Nov. 1908, No. 4118, PI.
liv, gr. 16.53.
9. Phoenician Tetradrachm
Obv. Similar to the preceding, except that the
border is composed of pellets.
Rev. BASIAISSHS KAEOHATPAS on 1., BAS-
lAEQS ANTIOXOY on r. Eagle standing to 1. (on
a thunderbolt ?). In 1. field, It. In r. field, ZIIP.
Paris, No. 1336, gr, 14.00, PI. xxiv, 1, PLATE II.
10. Bronze Unit
Obv. Radiate head of Antiochus to r. Circle of
pellets.
Rev. BASIAISSHS KAEOHATPAS in two lines
on r., KAI BASIAEQS ANTIOXOY in three lines
on 1. Isis head-dress. In upper r. field, tt. In the
exergue, ZIIP.
London, gr. 3.82, PLATE II.
11. Bronze Unit
Obv. Similar to the preceding.
Rev, Similar to the preceding, except that the mono-
gram is
a) London; fi) Paris, No. 1337, gr. 6.15, PI. xxiv, 2;
7) Newell, gr. 4.96, PLATE II.
Municipal Issue
12. Bronze Half
Obv. Jugate busts of the Dioscuri to r.
Rev. ANTIOXEQN TON EN HTOAEMAI in two
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AKE-PTOLEMAIS AND DAMASCUS 15
lines on r., lEPAS ASTAOT on 1. Cornucopiae. In
lower r. field, ZIIP.
London (Brit. Mus. Cat., Phoenicia, p. 129, No. 10,
PI. xvi, 6), gr. 2.20, PLATE II.
Year 125-124 B. C.
13. Phoenician Tetradrachm
Obv, Similar to No. 9.
Rev, Similar to No. 9, except that the date is HIIP.
Paris, No. 1338, gr. 13.30, PLATE III.
14. Bronze Unit
Ohv. Similar to No. 10.
Rev, Similar to No. 10, except that the date is HIIP.
The accompanying monogram is It .
a) Gla^w, Hunterian Coll., Vol. Ill, p. 98, No. 10,
gr. 5.54, PLATE III; fi) Paris, No. 1339, gr. 5.30;
7) Paris, No. 1340, gr. 5.15.
Municipal Issue
15. Bronze Quarter
Obv, Laureate head of Apollo to r., with features of
Antiochus VIII. Circle of pellets.
Rev, ANTIOXEQN TON EN HTOAEMAI in two
lines on the r., IEPA2 ASTAOT on the 1. Lyre. In
the exergue HHP.
Newell, gr. 1.77, PLATE III.
Year 124-123 B. C.
15. Attic Tetradrachm
Obv, Similar to No. 8. At times, the fillet border is
replaced by a dotted one.
Rev, Similar to No. 8. With the same monogram
in the outer 1. field, but with 0HP in the exergue.
i
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Fillet Border
a) Rogers Coll., NumistnaUc Chronicle, 4th Ser., Vol.
XIX, 1919, p. 23, PI. iii, 4 (= Naville S^le X, June 1925,
No. 1378, PI. 53), gr. 16.58; /3) Hirsch Sale XXXIV, May
1914, No. 506, pH xvi (= Hirsch Sale XXXIII, Nov.
1913, No. 913, PI. xxi = Prowe Coll., Egger Sale, Nov.
1904, No. 1556, PI. x), gr. 16.45; 7) Carfrae Coll.,
Sotheby Sale, May 1894, No. 317, PI. x, 10, gr. 16.59;
a) Schlessinger Sale 13, Feb. 1935, No. 1469, PI. 52;
e) Gla^ow, Hunter Coll., Vol. Ill, p. 96, No. 1, gr.
16.67, PI. Ixix, 15.
Dotted Border
f) Jameson Coll., Vol. I, No. 1742, PI. Ixxxviii ( =
Ashburnham Coll., Sotheby Sale, May 1895, No. 217,
PI. V = H. P. Smith Coll., Sotheby Sale, June 1905,
No. 307, PI. iii), gr. 16.84; f) Naville Sale X, June
1925, No. 1379, gr. 16.70, PI. 53; if) Cambridge, Leake
Coll.; 0) Glendining Sale, March 1931, No. 1162, gr.
16.70, PI. xxx; 4) Newell (“ Rhousopoulos Coll., Hirsch
Sale XIII, May 1905, No. 4471, PI. Iv *» Naville Sale
XV, July 1930, No. 1083, PI. 38), gr. 16.70, PLATE III.
17. Bronze Unit
Obv. Similar to No. 10.
Rev. Similar to No. 10. Monogram, jt. In the
exergue, 6IIP, beneath which a winged thunderbolt.
a) Paris, No. 1341, gr. 3.85; 0) Paris, No. 1342,
gr. 4.60; 7) London, gr. 6.05, PLATE III; a) Newell,
gr. 4.24; «) Glasgow, Hunter Coll., Vol. Ill, p. 98, No. 1 1,
gr. 6.42, PLATE III.
Municipal Issue
18. Bronze Half
Obv. Jugate busts of the Dioscuri to r. Circle of
pellets.
Rev. ANTIOXEQN EN HTOAEMAI in two lines
on r., IEPA2 A2TA0T on 1. Comucopiae. In lower,
inner field, 0IIP. In upper r. field, Itl or W or N (?).
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AKE-PTOLEMAIS AND DAMASCUS 17
<0 Paris (Les Perses AchSmSnides, p. 218, No. 1503,
with N (?) in place of monogram), gr. 2.55; fi) Vienna;
7) Newell, gr. 1.91; 5) Paris {loc. cit., p. 218, No. 1502,
PI. xxix, 1), gr. 2.70, PLATE III; c) London, gr. 2.21,
PLATE III.
Year 122-121 B. C.
19. Attic Tetradrachm
Obv. Similar to No. 16. Fillet border.
Rev. Similar to No. 16. In outer 1. field, S. Be-
neath throne, ^ . In the exergue, A4P.
Paris, No. 1351, gr. 16.10, PI. xxiv, 5, PLATE III.
Year 121 B. C.
20. Phoenician Tetradrachm
Obv. Similar to No. 9.
Rev. Similar to No. 9, except that the inscriptions
are transposed. The eagle stands upon a thunderbolt.
In inner 1. field, In inner r. field, B*IP.
a) Paris, No. 1358 (» Collection de Luynes, Vol.
IV, No. 3404, PI. cxxv), gr. 13,55, PLATE III;
$) London, p. 85, No. 1, gr. 12.93, PI. xxiii, 2.
21. Phoenician Tetradrachm
Obv. Similar to the preceding.
Rev. Similar to the preceding, but beneath is the
monogram itl.
a) Paris, No. 1357, gr. 13.85, PI. xxiv, 7, PLATE III;
0) Newell, gr. 13.06; 7) Naville Sale X, June 1925, No.
1386, gr. 13.51, PI. 53; 6) Ratto Sale, June 1929, No.
511, PT. xxiv (= Walcher de Molthein Coll., No. 3048,
PI. xxviii, gr. 13.32), gr. 13.15.
Within a few months of the death of Demetrius II
and her own assumption of power, Cleopatra found
it expedient to associate with herself on the throne
1
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her second son by Demetrius, Antiochus VIII sur-
named Grypus.*® But she, herself, retained the
reins of government, as evinced by the coins which
bear the portraits of both mother and son, hers
ostentatiously in the foreground, while Antiochus
takes second place behind his mother. On the
reverse, too, her name precedes that of her son.
The coinage of Attic, as well as Phoenician tetra-
drachms, continues at Ake-Ptolemais; and all bear
the magistrate’s monogram, £. On one specimen
(No. 21, PLATE III), it is even accompanied by itl ,
which assures us that all of these coins must have
been struck at Ake-Ptolemais. Phoenician tetra-
drachms are known for the three years ZIIP, HIIP
and B<DP. The eagle, as had become customary at
our mint, still holds the thunderbolt in its claws.
Corresponding Attic tetradrachms are known for
the two years 0IIP and A^IP, which happen to be
years of which we possess no Phoenician tetra-
drachms. This may be mere coincidence or due to
the erratic chances of archaeological transmission,
but even so it does suggest that when our mint was
busy coining money on the Phoenician standard it
tended to neglect the issue of Attic coins, and vice
versa. We may therefore be at fault in tentatively
placing the undated Attic tetradrachms (No. 8) at
the commencement of the joint reign. Possibly
these were actually coined in the year *IP, of which
we would otherwise possess no specimens at all,
neither Attic nor Phoenician. A study of possible
die-identities might solve the question, one way or
t* Be van, Joe, cU„ p. 250.
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BERKELEY LIBRAF
AKE-PTOLEMAIS AND DAMASCUS 19
the other. But a search of the scanty material at
the writer’s disposal reveals not a single obverse
die-identity between No. 8 on the one hand and Nos.
16 and 19 on the other. A certain detail observable
in the reverse type may offer a possible clue to the
solution. On the Attic tetradrachms, both of
Demetrius II and of Cleopatra and Antiochus
VIII, the reverse type depicts the enthroned Zeus.
On Demetrius IPs first issue at Ake-Ptolemais (No.
l) he is invariably seated upon a diphros; in his next
issue (No. 4) his throne is invariably provided with
a high back. On the coins of Cleopatra, those for
the year 0IIP (No. 16) invariably have the high-
backed throne as on the last issue of Demetrius II,
while the sole known example of the year A*IP
(No. 19) again has the diphros. As the undated
♦ coins (No. 8) display both the diphros and the high-
backed throne, they might more logically be placed
between the coins of years 0IIP and A*IP. The point
is interesting, but the author hesitates to lay too
much weight upon it and would prefer to await the
more conclusive evidence of die-identity — ^if and
when obtainable.
Alongside the silver money, bronze coins of royal
types were now also issued at Ake-Ptolemais. Of
these, we possess specimens dated ZIIP, HUP and
0IIP, some of which bear also the magistrate’s
monogmm, t , . Curiously enough, these coins dis-
play only the portrait of Antiochus on their
obverses,*® though we may assume that the Isis head-
M The same phenomenon recurs on the bronze coins struck at
Antioch by Cleopatra and Antiochus Vlll. Cf. Newell, The
Seleucid Mint of Antioch, p. 91.
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dress of the reverse alludes directly to Cleopatra and
her Egyptian origin. Here, her name still precedes
that of her son, as on the silver coinage.
Apparently, at the time that Cleopatra seized the
supreme power, she was pleased, for political
reasons, to grant the city of Ake-Ptolemais an en-
larged amount of local freedom and the coveted
titles "holy” and "inviolate,” At least, the munici-
pal coinage which was referred to above, now con-
tinues in the usual two denominations and with the
same types as before but, henceforth, bearing the
additional titles, Tepa<; and i(r6Xou. Fortunately,
this new series of municipal issues is dated. We
have ZnP, HIIP and 0IIP well attested, although
we do not yet possess both denominations for each
year. Apparently, to judge by their sizes and
weights, these municipal pieces represented the
halves and quarters of the royal bronzes. If we
may assume the latter to be chalci, then the two
municipal denominations should represent hemi-
chalci and dilepta — or, possibly, in the three, we
have before us hemichalci, dilepta and lepta. It is
to be noted that the king’s head on the royal
bronze coins presents the same general contours,
arrangement of locks and style as do the Dioscuri
heads on the accompanying municipal bronzes —
thus attesting a common mint for both categories.
It is instructive to compare PLATE II, Nos. 1 1 and
12, PLATE III, Nos. Hand 15, 17eand 18e.
In 123-122 B. C.,*^ with Ptolemaic assistance, the
Bevan, loc. di.^ p. 252.
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AKE-PTOLEMAIS AND DAMASCUS 21
4
usurper Alexander Zebina was finally overcome,
and thereupon committed suicide. Cleopatra and
Antiochus entered into possession of Antioch, and
possibly also removed their residence thither.
Certainly, a lai^e coinage in their joint names was
now commenced at the central mint.** It may or
may not be a coincidence that for this very year
(*IP = 123-122 B. C.) no dated coins, either in
silver or in bronze, are known for Ake-Ptolemais.
The silver coinage at this mint was recommenced
the following year (AV) and continued until
Cleopatra’s death at the hands of her own son in
The coins^e of bronze seems not to have
been resumed at this time. So far as the royal
bronze is concerned, the prolific issues (dated V
and A*1P) now appearing at Antioch may have been
* deemed sufficient for popular needs both there and
in Palestine. The apparent absence of municipal
issues for the years to B^ may be due to
chance, as the dated issues of the dty are generally
extremely scarce.
It is probable that only with the year ZIIP, was
a truly continuous series of silver Seleudd issues
definitely begun at Ake-Ptolemais. The reason is
not far to seek. It was in that very year that the
dty of Tyre finally secured its freedom** from Seleu-
dd rule and coined Seleudd types no longer. This
loss to the Seleudds of an important mint was ap-
parently counteracted at once by the introduction
of a regular coinage of royal money at the nearby
** Cf. Newdl. toe. cH., pp. 90-2.
** British Museum Catalogue, Phoenicia, p. cxxxiv.
3
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Ake-Ptolemais. It is, further, to be noted that in
the same year (ZHP) the great mint at Damascus
was also lost*^ to the faction headed by Cleopatra,
and was not recovered until four years later. Thus,
an additional reason for the opening up of a perma-
nent mint-establishment at Ake-Ptolemais in the
year ZIIP is presented. Not only was this city
Cleopatra’s capital, but for a time it actually con-
stituted the sole mint under her jurisdiction.®® In
these difficult times, it is impossible to believe that
her only mint would be in the outlying and danger-
ously situated town of Scythopolis, now open to an
attack from Damascus by the recently victorious
troops of Zebina. We are not even certain that
Cleopatra was able to retain her hold on Scythopolis
at this time. Obviously, Ake-Ptolemais constitutes
the only possible place where a mint could have
safely or logically operated for Cleopatra in the
first few years of her reign. A further point militates
strongly against considering Scythopolis as a possi-
ble mint. Under the Seleudds, there is not a single
instance recorded of an inland dty issuing coins
based on the Phoenidan standard. The use of that
standard was confined exclusively to such coastal
mints as Berytus, Sidon, Tyre, Ake-Ptolemais and
Ascalon. On a priori grounds, therefore, there exists
an excellent reason against accepting Scythopolis as
•• See below* pp. 55-58.
^ She probably still exercised some sort of sway over Sidon, but
the only coins of that mint known to bear the jugate heads of
Cleopatra and Antiochus VIII, were not struck until the years
A^P and B^P. No coins at all had apparently been issued since
the year CJIIP (Paris, Nos. 1255-7).
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AKE-PTOLEMAIS AND DAMASCUS 23
4
a mint fcH* the Phoenician tetradrachms and di-
drachms, here described. With them must go the
accompanying Attic coins, signed by the same
magistrates.
The probable reason why a true mint-mark is so
seldom found on the Ake coins after ZIIP, is per-
haps due to the fact that, like Antioch, the dty was
now looked upon as a “central” mint of the Seleudd
power. Certainly, under Cleopatra it was not only
a central but, for a time, her sole mint. Therefore,
no mark indicating locality was actually needed.
When success eventually crowned Cleopatra’s
efforts and she had added to her kingdom the dis-
tricts of Coele-Syria, Seleuds and Pieria, and Cilida,
induding their central mints of Damascus, Antioch
and Tarsus, habit still dictated the practice of dis-
* pensing with a true mint-mark on the coins of Ake-
Ptolemais. And here the old adage that “the
exception proves the rule” again demonstrates its
validity. For, suddenly and in only one instance
(No. 21), does itr reappear for a moment on the
jcoins of Ake-Ptolemais, to distinguish them from
the issues at the newly acquired mints of Damascus,
Antioch and Tarsus.
ANTIOCHUS VIII GRYPUS
First Reign, 121/0-114/3 B. C.
Year 121-120 B. C
22. Phoenician Tetradrachm
Obv. Diademed head of Antiochus VIII to r.
Circle of pellets.
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Rev. BASIAEQS on r., ANTIOXOT on I. Eagle
stands to 1. upon a thunderbolt. In 1. field, S. In r.
field. BqP.
a) NavHle Sale X, June 1925, No. 1440, PI. 56 ( =
Numismatic Chronicle, 4th Ser., Vol. XIX, 1919, p. 22,
PI. iii, 3), gr. 12.90; 0) Cambridge, McClean Coll., Vol.
Ill, No. 9336, gr. 13.81, PI. 341, 10, PLATE III; y) New-
ell, gr. 12.25.
Municipal Coinage
23. Bronze Half
Obv. Jugate busts of the Dioscuri to r. Circle of
pellets.
Rev. ANTIOXEQN TON EN HTOAEMAIAI in
two lines on r., lEPAS ASTAOT on 1. Cornucopiae.
In inner r. field, LB*IP.
London, gr. 1.66, PLATE III.
Year 120-119 B. C.
24. Phoenician Tetradrachm
Obv. Similar to No. 22.
Rev. Similar to No. 22. In 1. field, fyl. In r. field,
rqp.
a) Paris, No. 1377, gr. 13.35; 0) Naville Sale X, June
1925, No. 1439, PI. 56 (= Naville Sale I, Apr. 1921,
No. 3011, PI. Ixxxix = Egger Sale, Jan. 1908, No. 638,
PI. xx), gr. 14.07; y) Newell, gr. 13.38, PLATE IV.
Municipal Coinage
25. Bronze Half
Obv. Jugate heads of the Dioscuri to r. Circle of
pellets.
Rev. ANTIOXEQN TON EN HTOAEMAIAI in
two lines on r. (lEPAS ASYAOT on 1.). Cornu-
copiae. In inner r. field, F^P.
Newell, gr. 2.09, PLATE IV.
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AKE-PTOLEMAIS AND DAMASCUS 25
Year 118-117 B. C.
26 . Phoenician Tetradrachm
Obv. Similar to No. 24.
Rev. Similar to No. 24. In 1. field, lYl In r. field,
Eqp.
Naville Sale X, June 1925, No. 1441, PI. 56 (= Bun-
bury Coll., Sotheby Sale, Dec. 1896, No. 575, PI. vi),
gr. 14.15, PLATE IV.
Municipal Coinage
27 . Bronze Half
Obv. Jugate busts of the Dioscuri to r. Circle of
pellets.
Rev. ANTIOXEQN TON EN HTOAEMAIAI in
two lines on the r., lEPAS ASYAOY on the 1. Cornu-
copiae. In inner r. field, E^P. In inner 1. field, lyl or A .
Rouvier, Nos. 965-6 = Paris, Les Perses AchimSni-
des, Nos. 1504-5, gr. 1.82, 1.38.
Undated Coinage
Years 120-117 B. C.
28 . Attic Tetradrachm
Obv. Similar to the preceding, but with a fillet
border.
Rev. BASIAEQS ANTIOXOY in two lines on r.,
Eni^ANOYZ on 1. Zeus Uranius, naked, standing to
1., holds star in outstretched r. and rests 1. upon sceptre.
In 1. field, . The whole surrounded by a laurel
wreath.
a) Newell, gr. 16.5 !•; $) Newell, gr. 16.68; t-«) Paris,
No. 1409 (PI. XXV, 2),.gr. 16.50; No. 1410, gr. 16.40; No.
1411, gr. 15.85; Naville Sale I, Apr. 1921, Nos.
3016-8, grs. 16.53, 16.57, 16.60, PI. lxxxix;9) Naville Sale
X, June 1925, No. 1396, gr. 16.48, PI. 54; t) Bement Coll.,
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Naville Sale VII, June 1924, No. 1709, gr. 16.47, PI. 59
(= Fenerly Bey Coll., Egger Sale XLI, Nov. 1912, No.
740, PI. xx); k) Allotte de b Fuye Coll., Ciani Sale, Feb.
1925, No. 925, gr. 16.58, PI. 16; X) Newell, gr. 16.68,
PLATE IV; /i) ^hlessinger Sale 13, Feb. 1935, No. 1475,
gr. 16.30, PI. 52; v) Schlessinger Sale 11, Feb. 1934, No.
344, PI. 10; 0 Hamburger Sale, May 1929, No. 413, gr.
16.50, PI. 9; o) De Nanteuil Coll., No. 498, gr. 16.24, PI.
xxxi; x) Glasgow, Hunter Coll., Vol. Ill, p. 99, No. 1, ot.
15.75; p) RattoSale, Apr. 1927, No. 2523, gr. 16.33, PI.
Ixiii; t) Ciani Sale, 1920, No. 139, PI. Hi; v) HartwigColl.,
Santamaria Sale, March 1910, No. 822, gr. 16.30, PI. xv;
t) Helbing Sale, Oct. 1927, No. 3138, gr. 15.95, PI. 59;
v-ip) American Numismatic Society, gr. 16.01 and 16.51.
Year 117-116 B. C.
29. Phoenician Tetradrachm
Ohv. Similar to the preceding, but with a border of
pellets.
Rev. BASIAEQ2 on r., ANTIOXOT on 1. Eagle
to 1. on a thunderbolt. In 1. field, M . In r. field, <^^P.
Paris, No. 1385, gr. 13.80, PLATE IV.
Year 116-115 B. C.
30. Phoenician Didrachm
Ohv. Similar to the preceding.
Rev. Similar to the preceding. In 1. field, M. In
r. field, Z^P.
a) Paris, No. 1392, gr. 6.85, PI. xxiv, 14; 0) Newell, gr.
6.75, PLATE IV.
31. Phoenician Tetradrachm
Ohv. Similar to the preceding.
Rev. Similar to the preceding. In 1. field, In
r. field, Z*IP.
Paris, No. 1391, gr. 13.25, PLATE IV.
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AKE-PTOLEMAIS AND DAMASCUS 27
Undated Coinage
Years 117-115 B. C.
32. Attic Tetradrachm
Ohv. Similar to the preceding, but with fillet border.
Rev. BASIAEQ2 ANTIOXOT in two lines on r.,
EIII^ANOYS on 1. Zeus draped, standing, holding
star in outstretched r., and resting 1. upon sceptre. In
1. field, M . The whole surrounded by a laurel wreath.
ct-0) Naville Sale X, June 1925, Nos. 1405, 1406, gr.
16.42, 16.53, PI. 54; y) Schlessinger Sale 11, Feb. 1934,
No. 343, gr. 15.60, PI. 12; 3) Naville Sale XV, July
1930, No. 1084, gr. 16.50, PI. 38; «) Glasgow, Hunter
Coll., Vol. Ill, p. 100, No. 5, gr. 16.23; f ) Helbing Sale,
Jan. 1930, No. 333, gr. 16.20, PI. 13, PLATE IV;
f) Newell, gr. 16.50.
Year 115-114 B. C.
• 33. Phoenician Tetradrachm
Obv, Similar to the preceding, but the border is
dotted.
Rev. BASIAEQ2 on r., ANTIOXOT on 1. Eagle
standing to 1. upon a thunderbolt. In 1. field, AT. In
r. field, HqP.
Paris, No. 1396, gr. 13.85, PI. xxiv, 15, PLATE IV.
Year 114-113 B. C.
34. Phoenician Didrachm
Ohv. Similar to the preceding.
Rev. Similar to the preceding. In 1. field, In
r. field, 0qP (the iheta has been recut over a preceding
eta).
London, PLATE IV.
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LATE SELEUCID MINTS IN
Undated Coinage
Years 115-113 B. C.
35. Attic Tetradrachm
Ohv. Similar to the preceding, but with fillet border.
Rev. BASIAEQS ANTIOXOT in two lines on r.,
EIII^ANOYS on 1. Zeus, draped, standing to I.,
holding star in outstretched r., resting 1. upon sceptre.
In I. held, H or ilT or The whole surrounded by a
laiirel wreath.
a) London, No. 13, gr. 16.52; /8) Paris, No. 1420, gr.
16.50; 7) Newell, gr. 15.12; 5) Newell, gr. 15.87;
e) Newell, gr. 16.54; f) Newell, gr. 16.71; f) Newell, gr.
16.57, PLATE V; ij) Naville &le X, June 1925, No.
1408, gr. 16.27, PI. 54; 6) Naville Sale X, June 1925,
No. 1407, gr. 16.70, PI. 54; t) Rhousopoulos Coll.,
Hirsch Sale XIII, May 1905, No. 4473, gr. 15.30, PI. Ivi;
k) Schlessinger Sale 13, Feb. 1935, No. 1476, gr. 15.10, PI.
53;X)CahnSale60,July 1928, No. 1051, gr. 16.39, PI. 16;
m) Egger Sale, Jan. 1908, No. 643, gr. 16.03, PI. xx;
v) Ratto Sale, Apr. 1927, No. 2521, gr. 16.64, PI. Ixiii;
i) Fenerly Bey Coll., Egger Sale XLI, Nov. 1912, No.
743, gr. 16.40, PI. xx; o) Pozzi Coll., Naville Sale I, Apr.
1921, No. 3015, gr. 16.56, PI. Ixxxix; t) Glasgow, Hunter
Coll., Vol. Ill, p. 100, No. 6, gr. 16.20, PI. Ixix, 19;
p) Egger Sale, Jan. 1908, No. 644, gr. 16.38, PI. xx;
a) Merzbacher ^le, Nov. 1910, No. 830, gr. 16.39, PI. 14
( Egger l^le Nov. 1913, No. 770, PI. xxi = Wal-
cher de Molthein Coll., No. 3052, gr. 16.42, PI. xxviii);
t) American Numismatic Society, gr. 16.21.
36. Attic Tetradrachm
Ohv. Similar to the preceding.
Rev. Similar to the preceding. In 1. field, ^ . In
r. field,
Newell, gr. 16.57, PLATE V.
Grypus disposed of his too masterful mother by
forcing her to drink the poison cup intended for
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AKE-PTOLEMAIS AND DAMASCUS 29
himself. He continued at Ake-Ptolemais the regular
coinage of Attic and Phoenician tetradrachms.
These now bear his portrait only. The connecting
link with his mother’s coinage is the magistrate,
who signs Grypus’ Phoenician tetradrachms for the
remainder of the year BTP.** The eagle, as was
customary at Ake-Ptolemais, is perched upon the
thunderbolt. The style and fabric are identical
with those found on the joint issues of this mint
under the rule of Cleopatra and Antiochus.
With the year FTP, a new magistrate, M, ap-
pears, but the style and fabric continue the same.
He can hardly be identical with the Tyrian M , who
is still found signing coins in that dty. The mint of
Ake-Ptolemais had by now grown into so well-
established an institution that it hardly seems likely
it would again have needed to call upon Tyre for the
loan of some practised functionary. Under the
new incumbent, Phoenician and Attic tetradrachms
continue to appear in great numbers, the latter
being particularly common. From time to time,
Phoenician didrachms also are struck. The Attic
tetradrachms of lYl may be divided into an earlier
(No. 28) and a later (No. 32) group by observing
that the nude Zeus on the reverse suddenly assumes
drapery. The same phenomenon occurs at both the
sister mints of Antioch and Damascus. But as the
tetradrachms of Antioch are not dated, they help us
**On his own spedmen, Dr. Rogers read this date as C*IP
{Numismatic Ckronide, 4th Ser., Vol. XIX, 1919, p. 22), but it is
certainly BTP, as clearly shown by the two other known sped*
mens recorded under our No. 22.
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LATE SELEUCID MINTS IN
only in a general way.*^ Fortunately, those of
Damascus bear dates, from which we learn definitely
that Zeus dons his himation at Damascus in the
course of the year E<IP, or between October 118 and
September 1 1 7 B. C. The apparently intimate cor-
relation which existed between the three mints under
the successive reigns of Cleopatra and her son
Grypus, makes it practically certain that at Ake-
Ptolemais also the draped Zeus makes his appear-
ance about 1 17 B. C. Hence, the coinage of No. 28
lasted from 120 to 1 17 B. C., followed by that of No.
32 in 117-115 B. C.
In the course of the year ZTP, as the dated coin
No. 31 reveals, the magistrate M was relieved by a
new official, one iftT, who signs the remainder of the
coinage for Grypus' first reign over Ake-Ptolemais.
The last dated coin. No. 34, bears the year ©4P,
or 114-113 B. C. The same date is found also on
copper coins struck by Antiochus IX Cyzicenus at
Antioch.** We know from our historical sourced®
that in 113 B. C., probably in the spring camp)aign-
Grypus* first Antiochene issue bears as its reverse type a
standing Athena (Newell, loc. p. 92, Nos. 362-4) . Then follows
the Zfeus Uranius type. Of his undraped figure, we possess about
as many specimens as we do of the standing Athena type {ibid. No.
378 and several examples which have since turned up). The suc-
ceeding coins with the draped Zeus are quite common Nos.
365-377). The change from the nude to the draped figure would
appear, then, to have taken place about midway In Grypus* first
reign at Antioch {circa 121-113 B. C.), or about 117 B. C.
» Newell, loc, cU.^ p. 97.
Eusebius. I, 257, 28 places the event in the fourth year of the
166th Olympiad, or exactly 113 B. C.; Justin XXXIX, 2, 9, states
that Grypus had reigned for eight years, that is from 121-113 B. C..
when Cyzicenus appeared.
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AKE-PTOLEMAIS AND DAMASCUS 31
4
ing season, Cyzicenus appeared and drove Grypus
out of Antioch. Our extzuit coins suggest that
shortly afterwards he secui^ Ake-Ptolemais as well.
There are no known bronze a>ins, bearing the
types of Antiochus VIII Grypus, which could
reasonably be assigned to Ake-Ptolemais. The
dty, however, apparently continued to issue small,
dated municipal bronze pieces as before. So far,
only the dates B*IP, P*IP, and E^P have turned up.
The style is now much poorer, the flans smaller, of
lighter weight and more carelessly prepared than
had been the case under Cleopatra. Only the
“halves” are known, the smallest denomination with
the lyre reverse seems no longer to have been coined.
^ ANTIOCHUS IX CYZICENUS
First Reign in Ake-Ptolemais, 1 13-108 B. C.
Undated Coinage
Year 113-112 B. C.
37. Attic Tetradrachm
Ohv, Diademed, youthful head of Antiochus IX to
r. Fillet border.
Rev. BA2IAEQS ANTIOXOT in two lines on r.,
^IA0nAT0P02 on 1. Helmeted Athena standing to
1., holding Nike in outstretched r. and resting 1. upon
shield and spear. In lower r. field, 2. In 1. field, £i.
The whole surrounded by a laurel wreath.
a) Naville Sale X, June 1925, No. 1475, PI. 58, gr.
16.20; /3) Newell, gr. 16.58, PLATE V.
<1
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LATE SELEUCID MINTS IN
38. Attic Tetradrachm
Obv. Similar to the preceding.
Rev. Similar to the preceding, but the sigma is re-
placed by a STAR.
Naville Sale X, June 1925, No. 1462, gr. 16.27, PI.
57, PLATE V.
39. Attic Tetradrachm
Ohv. Similar to the preceding.
Rev, Similar to the preceding, but in 1. field, star
above AT above 1.
University Museum, Philadelphia, PLATE V.
40. Attic Tetradrachm
Obo. Similar to the preceding.
Rev. Similar to the preceding, but in 1. field, star
above AT. In the exergue, .
a) Naville Sale X, June 1925, No. 1476, gr. 15.87,
PI. 58; fi) Newell, gr. 16.32, PLATE V.
41. Attic Tetradrachm
Obv. Similar to the preceding.
Rev. Similar to the preceding, AT , only, in 1. field.
a) Prof. Oman, Numismatic Chronicle, 4th Ser., Vol.
XIX, 1919, PI. X, 3; 0) Naville Sale X, June 1925, No.
1474, gr. 16.00, PI. 58; y) Bement Coll., Naville Sale
VII, June 1924, No. 1713, gr. 16.15, PI. 60; «) London,
No. 9, gr. 15.58, PLATE V; e) Ratto Sale, Apr. 1927,
No. 2534, gr. 14.86, PI. Ixiii.
a, 0 and y are from the same obverse die.
42. Attic Tetradrachm
Obv. Similar to the preceding.
Rev. Similar to the preceding, except that in 1.
field is 67.
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4
AKE-PTOLEMAIS AND DAMASCUS 33
a) Dayet Coll., Platt Sale, June 1925, No. 32, gr.
16.35, PI. i; 0) London, No. 7, gr. 16.36, PI. xxiv, 9,
PLATE V.
Year 112-111 B. C.
43. Phoenician Tetradrachm
Obv. Similar to the preceding, but with a dotted
border.
Rev. BASIAEQS on r., ANTIOXOT on 1. Eagle
standing to 1. upon a thunderbolt. In 1. field, £ ; in r.
field, LA2.
a) Paris, No. 1457, gr. 13.50; $) London, No. 2
(PI. xxiv, 7), gr. 13.82, PLATE VI.
44. Attic Tetradrachm
Obv. Similar to the preceding, but with fillet border.
Rev. BASIAEQS ANTIOXOT in two lines on r.,
^>IAOIIATOPOS on 1. Athena as on No. 37. In 1. field,
S. The whole surrounded by a laurel wreath.
Walcher de Molthein Coll., No. 3060, gr. 14.00, PI.
xxix, PLATE VI.
Municipal Issue
45. Trihemiobol (?)
Obv. Laureate head of Apollo to r. Border of
pellets.
Rev. Lyre. On 1., iTl . On r., LAS.
Berlin (Imhoof-BIumer, Monnaies grecgues, p. 449,
No. 57, PI. J, 6), gr. 1.08.
Year 11 1-1 10 B. C.
46. Phoenician Tetradrachm
Obv. Similar to No. 43.
Rev. Similar to No. 43. In 1. field, A. In r. field,
LBS.
Paris, No. 1458, gr. 13.80, PLATE VI.
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34 LATE SELEUCID MINTS IN
47 . Attic Tetradrachm
Obv. Similar to the preceding, but with fillet border.
JRev. BASIAEQS ANTIOXOT in two lines on r.,
^lAOIIATOPOS on 1. Athena as on No. 44. In 1.
field, A. Laurel wreath around.
a) London, No. 8, gr. 16.16, PLATE VI; fi) Glasgow,
Hunter Coll., Vol. Ill, p. 104, No. 1, gr. 16.20.
(?) Year 110-109 B. C.
Undated Coinage
48 . Attic Tetradrachm
Obv. Similar to the preceding.
Rev. Similar to the preceding. In 1. field, l-T .
a) Prof. Oman {Numismatic Chronicle, 4th Ser., Vol.
XIX, 1919, PI. X, 2; /3) Naville Sale X, June 1925, No.
1464, gr. 14.89, PI. 58; 7) Newell, gr. 15.27; 6) Newell,
gr. 16.32, PLATE VI; «) R. Jameson Coll., No. 1750,
gr. 15.11, PI. Ixxxix.
P and € are from the same obverse die.
49 . Attic Tetradrachm
Obv. Similar to the preceding.
Rev. Similar to the preceding, but with cornu-
COPiAE alongside the •-? .
a) London, No. 10, gr. 15.88; 0) AUotte de la Fuye
Coll., Ciani &le, Feb. 1925, No. 938, gr. 15.80, PI. 17;
7) Naville Sale X, June 1925, No. 1463, gr. 15.35, PI.
57; 6) Newell, gr. 15.75; «) Newell (Collignon Coll.,
Feuardent Sale, May 1914, No. 400, PI. xx), gr. 15.63;
f) Newell, gr. 16.37, PLATE VI.
Year 109-108 B. C.
50 . Phoenician Tetradrachm
Obv. Similar to the preceding, but with circle of dots.
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U.c. BERKElJY^^B^Ji*
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AKE-PTOLEMAIS AND DAMASCUS 35
Rev. BASIAEQ2 on r., ANTIOXOr on 1. Eagle
to I. on a thunderbolt. In 1. field, Al . In r. field, LAS.
Circle of dots.
Paris, No. 1405, gr. 12.80, PLATE VI.
Year 107-106 B. C.
51 . Phoenician Tetradrachm
Ohv. Similar to the preceding.
Rev. Same inscription and type as on the preceding.
In I. field, N combined with a barley-stalk. In r.
field, LCS.
London, No. 4, gr. 13.61, PLATE VI.
Cyzicenus, once in possession of Ake-Ptolemais,
continued there the usual parallel coinage of dated
Phoenidein tetradrachms and undated Attic tetra-
drachms of royal types, laying particular stress on
« the latter. These are identical in style and fabric
with the issues of his predecessor, but now display
the rather foolish features of young Cyzicenus on
the obverse, and the standing Athena (a type
especially favored by his father, Sidetes) on the
reverse. The new issue is at first signed by the same
official, AT, who had been functioning at Ake-
Ptolemais for the last three years of Grypus. His
monogram is frequently accompanied by that of a
subordinate, as on the final issue of Grypus, No. 36.
In this case, however, the subordinate’s signature is
i or 2." On most of these coins the features of
This sigfM might have been looked upon as a date, were it not
for the following considerations. (1) Since the commencement of
the reign of Grypus the Attic tetradrachms of Ake-Ptolemais are
invariably undated. (2) On the final issue under Grypus (No. 36).
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LATE SELEUCID MINTS IN
Cyzicenus are very youthful, although the traces of
a nascent beard are visible just in front of the ear
and sometimes extending down to the comer of the
jaw.
To this same issue (Nos. 37 - 41 ), has been added a
variety (No. 42 ) bearing the monogram W . This
association has been suggested by the extreme
youthfulness of the king’s features. So similar, in
fact, is its obverse die to that of some of AT ’s coins
(cf. PLATE V, 37 - 38 ) that it requires careful com-
parison to assure us that it is not indeed identical.
For the year 112-111 B. C., we again have the
issue (No. 43 ) of a dated Phoenician tetradrachm,
accompanied by a corresponding issue of the undated
Attic tetradrachm (No. 44 ). Both coins bear the
signature £, who is possibly the same person once
so active under Cleopatra in the mint at Ake-
Ptolemais. Because of the close similarity in style
and fabric between these pieces and the immediately
preceding issues, they cannot possibly be removed
from the series as a whole and assigned to Sycamina
or Scythopolis, as has been proposed. They, ob-
viously, form part and parcel of the long series of
issues which emanated from our mint in these last
there had appeared, in addition to the chief magistrate’s monogram,
a letter which cannot possibly be a date. On No. 37. the
sigfHa occupies the identical ix>8ition formerly occupied by the pht,
and so also cannot reasonably be considered a date. (3) On another
coin (No. 38). the sigma is replaced by a star. (4) On yet other
coins of this issue (Nos. 39 and 40) the sigma has become a mono-
gram of which it still remains the chief element. Hence, we have
every reason to reject the suggestion that the plain sigma should be
considered as a date.
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AKE-PTOLEMAIS AND DAMASCUS 37
years of the Seleudd dynasty. Ake-Ptolemais had
evidently now become the “central” mint for the
entire southern coastal region still remaining under
Seleudd domination. At this particular period,
Cyzicenus’ hold on Antioch was demonstrably
intermittent,^ and he was again and again ejected
from the capital by the armies of Grypus. He
could not, therefore, count on its great mint for a
steady production of the money he needed so badly
in his desperate struggle with his brother. That
had largely to be supplied by his provindal mints
of Damascus^ and Ake-Ptolemais, for we know that
the prindpal seat of his power was in the south."
The burden of coinage probably fell even more
heavily upon these two mints when one of the last
Seleudd strongholds, Sidon, having finally secured
its freedom," ceased forever to coin for Seleudd
account.
Of necessity, Cyzicenus apparently granted fur-
ther privileges to the munidpality of Ake-Ptolemais,
for in the year AS ( 1 1 2-1 1 1 B. C.) it even commenced
to coin small silver pieces (No. 45) with autonomous
types. The dty fathers refrained, or were con-
strained, from inscribing the coins with more than a
modest monogram, and they continued the Seleudd
system of dating. It is interesting to find on these
coins, and notably on the tetradrachms Nos. 43, 46,
50 and 51, the sudden appearance of the Egyptian
« Newell, loc, ciL, pp. 96-105,
^ See below, pp. 70-72.
^ Cf. Bevan, loc. dU, p. 255.
^ Brit. Mus. Catalogue. Phoenicia, p. cv.
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LATE SELEUCID MINTS IN
sign (L) for year, preceding the Seleudd date. Sel-
eudd mints, indeed, had rarely employed it, but
Sidon and Tyre both definitely adopted it on thdr
autonomous coins the moment they had obtained
their freedom.
In the following year B23 (1 1 1-1 10 B. C.), we pos-
sess a further coinage of dated Phoenidan (No. 46)
and undated Attic tetradrachms (No. 47), now signed
by A. To this same year, Rouvier would assign his
bronze coin of Ake-Ptolemais, No. 971, with the
reverse type of a lyre. The coin is now in the author’s
collection, but the letters which its former owner
doubtfully read as SB are something more like IE,
of which the E at least is certain. It would appear
to be a magistrate’s signature and not a date.
Nos. 48-49, signed by the magistrate l-f , would
seem to have been the final Attic coinage at Ake-
Ptolemais of Cyzicenus. The portrait which they
bear is a little more mature than any we have yet
encountered, while the beard is more pronounced
and extends to the point of the chin. As yet no
corresponding dated Phoenidan tetradrachms have
appeared. The cornucopiae, alongside the mono-
gram on No. 49, may perhaps be taken as an indic-
ation of our mint,^^ rather than a magistrate’s
symbol, as symbols, in general, do not otherwise
accompany^ the monograms on the Seleudd issues
of Ake-Ptolemais.
** The cornucopiae is the constant reverse type of the largest
denomination of the municipal bronze pieces struck during the
preceding coinage.
* The only exceptions are the barley-stalk behind the eagle on
the tetradrachms of Alexander I and Ptolemy VI (see above, pp.
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AKE-PTOLEMAIS AND DAMASCUS 39
For the years 109-108 and 107-106 B. C. we again
have Phoenician tetradrachms. They bear the
ea^Ie upon a thunderbolt, so characteristic of the
Phoenician silver issues of our mint, and continue
from Nos. 43, 45 and 46 the use of the Egyptian
year sign (L) preceding the date. Their general
style and fabric are the usual ones for Ake-Ptolemais,
while the magistrate’s monogram on No. 5 1 is com-
bined with a barley-stalk, reminiscent of the same
plant which accompanies the eagle on the coins of
this dty under Alexander I and Ptolemy VI. The
mint of Nos. 50 and 51 must therefore certainly be
Ake-Ptolemais. No. 50 has been assigned by Babe-
Ion to Grypus,^^ but both profile and expression of
the portrait head are typically those of Cyzicenus,
as a comparison with the remaining coins on PLATE
VI will readily show. The characteristic hawk-like
beak of Grypus is not apparent. Traces of the
cheek-beard, so typical of Cyzicenus at this period
of his life, can just be made out in front of the ear,
in spite of the fact that some of the metal has flaked
away from this very spot on the unique specimen of
No. 50 in the Paris cabinet.
Cyzicenus cannot much longer have been actual
master in Ake-Ptolemais, as Josephus^* tells us that
2-3), the barley-stalk combined with a monogram on No. 51, and
the star on Nos. 38-40. Both symbols, however, are closely as-
sociated with Ake-Ptolemais: the comucopiae having for a number
of years been used as the reverse type of many municipal bronze
coins, while the star symbolizes the Dioscuri who grace the ob-
verses of those same coins.
Rots de Syrie, etc., pp. civ. and 183, No. 1405.
^Antiquities^ XIII, 12, 2.
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LATE SELEUCID MINTS IN
soon after the new ruler of the Jews, Alexander
Jannaeus, had secured the power in 104-103 B. C.
he laid siege to Ake-Ptolemais in an attempt to add
it to his kingdom. Apparently the citizens could
expect no further protection either from Grypus or
from Cyzicenus. For Josephus says: “while Anti-
ochus Philopator (i. e., Grypus), and Antiochus who
was called Cyzicenus, were making war against one
another, and destroying one another’s armies, the
people of Ptolemais could have no assistance from
them . . . nor indeed had the kings such a
friendship for them as that they should hope for
any advantage from them.’’ Thus, Josephus
plainly offers us the explanation why we possess no
further Seleucid coinages at Ake-Ptolemais after
tjie No. 51 here described. The Syrian kings no
longer ruled over the dty, and Seleucid domination
and coinage had alike come to their end.
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AKE-PTOLEMAIS AND DAMASCUS 41
II
DAMASCUS
Damascus first comes into numismatic prominence
with the capture of the dty by Alexander’s general
Parmenio^ and the establishment there, soon after,
of a very active mint.* This activity continued
under Alexander’s immediate successors. There-
after the mint went into a temporary decline, or
rather, in our present state of knowledge, it has
proved impossible to segregate any Seleudd issues
down to Antiochus VII, which could with certainty
be assigned to Damascus. Ptolemaic issues for the
dty are also rare, or quite uncertain.* A hint as to
the reasons for this may be found on pp. 95-6 of
Prof. Rostovtzeff’s Caravan Cities where he says, in
speaking of the Hellenistic period, ‘*At this date no
mention is made of Palmyra; all that is known is
that the period was not one of great prosperity for
Damascus . . . This fact is curious when we
remember that the roads leading across the Syrian
desert to the sea were shorter and therefore cheaper
than those to» the north, yet the reason why the
Seleudds abandoned them is obvious. They led to
Phoenida by way of Damascus, and at that time
Phoenida was in the hands of the Ptolemies, who
also had control of Damascus. . . This was the
1 Arrian II. 11.
> MUUer, Numismalique d* Alexandre le Grande pp. 287-9. nos.
1338-46.
* J. N. Svoronos. Tdk toG xp4tou^ x&r TIxoX9M^i*^f No.
1289.
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LATE SELEUCID MINTS IN
situation in the third and at the beginning of the
second centuries B. C., when the Seleucids were
strong and whilst they continued to control Meso-
potamia and Iran. The capture from the Ptolemies
of Phoenicia and Palestine by Antiochus III must
have brought certain changes, and it is possible that
trade via the Syrian desert was then resumed, thus
bringing to Damascus a new period of prosf>erity.”
It is certain that from this time on, the city gradu-
ally revived to become once more the most impor-
tant inland centre of trade and government of all the
Syrian hinterland. It is not, however, until the
reign of Antiochus VII that its coin issues become
sufficiently obvious for us to recognize them with
certainty. But from that time forward they con-
tinue, almost without interruption, until the very
end of Seleucid rule and the acquisition of Damascus
by the Nabataeans.
ANTIOCHUS VII
138-129 B. C.
Year 138 B. C.
52. Tetradrachm
Ohv. Diademed head of Antiochus VII to r. Fillet
border.
Rev. BA2IAEQ2 ANTIOXOT in two lines on r.,
ETEPPETOT on 1. Helmeted Athena standing to 1.,
holding Nike in her outstretched r., resting 1. upon
shield. In inner 1. field, W. In the exergue, AOP.
The whole surrounded by a laurel wreath.
Newell (from Baghdad), gr. 16.55, PLATE VII.
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AKE-PTOLEMAIS AND DAMASCUS 43
Year 138-137 B. C.
53. Tetradrachm
Ohv. Similar to the preceding.
Rev. Similar to the preceding. In 1. field, 1 above
A. In the exergue, EOF.
Naville Sale X, June 1925, No. 1282, gr. 16.27, PI. 48,
PLATE VII.
54. Drachm
Ohv. Similar to the preceding.
Rev. Same inscription as on the preceding. Winged
Nike advancing to 1., holding wreath in her outstretched
r. In outer 1. field, 1 above tot .
Newell (from Damascus), gr. 3.89, PLATE VII.
Year 137-136 B. C.
55. Tetradrachm
Ohv, Similar to the preceding.
Rev. Similar to No. 53. In 1. field, AE above PM .
In the exergue, (^OP.
London, No. 13, gr. 16.78, PI. xx, 6, PLATE VII.
Year 135-134 B. C.
56. Tetradrachm
Ohv. Similar to the preceding.
Rev. Similar to the preceding. In 1. field, AE above
W . In the exergue, HOP.
a) London, No. 14, gr. 15.80; 0) Newell, gr. 15.20;
7) Paris, No. 1112, gr. 16.50, PLATE VII.
Year 134-133 B. C.
57. Tetradrachm
Ohv. Similar to the preceding.
5
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LATE SELEUCID MINTS IN
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Rev. Similar to the preceding. In 1. field, AE above
W. In the exergue, 00 P.
a) Cambridge, Leake Coll.; 0) London, No. 15, gr.
15.01; 7 ) Fenerly Bey Coll., Egger Sale XLI, Nov.
1912, No. 723, gr. 16.52, PI. xix; 6) Paris, No. 1117
(De Luynes Coll., No. 3383, PI. cxxiv), gr. 16.45.
58. Tetradrachm
Ohv. Similar to the preceding.
Rev. Similar to the preceding. In 1. field, 4 above
. In the exergue, 0OP.
London, No. 16, gr. 16.20, PLATE VII.
Year 133-132 B. C.
59. Tetradrachm
Ohv. Similar to the preceding.
Rev. Similar to the preceding. In 1. field, AE. In
the exergue, HP.
a) Newell (Allotte de la Fuj^e Coll., Ciani Sale, Feb.
1925, No. 890, PI. 16), gr. 16.29; fi) Newell, gr. 16.40,
PLATE VII.
60. Tetradrachm
Ohv. Similar to the preceding.
Rev. Similar to the preceding. In 1. field, 81. In
the exergue, HP.
Paris, No. 1123, gr. 15.65, PLATE VII.
Year 132-131 B. C.
61. Tetradrachm
Ohv. Similar to the preceding.
Rev. Similar to the preceding. In 1. field, AE.
In the exergue, AIIP.
o) Newell, gr. 15.77; fi) Newell, gr. 16.05, PLATE
VII; 7 ) Glasgow, Hunter Coll., Vol. Ill, p. 79, No. 1 ,
gr. 16.09.
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n i.;
AKE-PTOLEMAIS AND DAMASCUS 45
62. Tetradrachm
Obv. Similar to the preceding.
Rev. Similar to the preceding. In 1. field, In
the exergue, AIIP.
Glasgow, Hunter Coll., Vol. Ill, p. 79, No. 2, gr.
16.46, PI Ixviii, 13, PLATE VIII.
Year 131-130 B. C.
63. Tetradrachm
Obv. Similar to the preceding.
Rev. Similar to the preceding. In 1. field, K or ^ .
In the exergue, BIIP.
a) Naville Sale X, June 1925, No. 1288, gr. 16.55,
PI. 48; 0) London, No. 17, gr. 16.03, PLATE VIII.
a and 0 are from the same obverse die as 62.
64. Tetradrachm
Obv. Similar to the preceding.
Rev. Similar to the preceding. In 1. field, iST. In
the exergue, BIIP.
a) Ciani Sale, Oct. 1920, No. 104, PI. 3; 0) Paris, No.
1128, gr. 16.45; y) Paris, No. 1129, gr. 16.65 (= de
Luynes Coll., No. 3385, PI. cxxiv), PLATE VIII.
a and y are from the same obverse die.
Year 130-129 B. C.
65. Tetradrachm
Obv. Similar to the preceding.
Rev. Similar to the preceding. In 1. field, tfif above
A. In the exergue, lllP.
De Nanteuil Coll., No. 496, er. 16.55, PI. xxxi, PLATE
VIII (the mold from the obverse die was damaged
before casting).
From the same obverse die as No. 64 a, y.
■)
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LATE SELEUCID MINTS IN
<S6. Tetradrachm
Ohv, Similar to the preceding.
Rev. Similar to the preceding. In 1. field, N above
A. In the exergue, mP.
Newell (Naville Sale X, June 1925, No. 1289, PI. 48),
gr. 16.54, PLATE VIII.
From the same obverse die as No. 65.
Anti(^hus VII re-opened the mint at Damascus in
the very year (AOP = 139-8 B. C.) of his arrival in
Syria and his seizure of the power from the hated
usurper, Tryphon. The mint now began to coin
steadily, and we possess its issues for every year but
one of Antiochus* reign. That lacuna is probably
due to chance, as the yearly coinage seems not to
have been over-large. With the exception of the
first year (AOP), the issues are supervised by two
magistrates whose monograms appear together on
the coins from year EOP through 0OP. Thereafter,
from nP through BIIP, the coinage is divided into
two groups, the one signed by a single magistrate,
the other by his associate. In the final year of the
reign (ITIP), the initials of two magistrates again
appear together on each coin, and continue to do so
under the succeeding reigns.
In silver, Damascus coined only Attic tetra-
drachms and drachms, employing the same types as
used at Antioch,^ i. e., a standing Athena for the
large denomination, a winged Nike for the small.
Though the types are the same, the issues of Da-
mascus are clearly differentiated from the more
* Newell, The Sdeudd Coinate of Antioch, pp. 73-81.
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AKE-PTOLEMAIS AND DAMASCUS 47
prolific ones of Antioch by certain peculiarities.
In the first place, they bear dates, while the Antio-
chene silver issues do not. Year by year they are
supervised by two magistrates only,® while at Anti-
och (because of the size of her issues) a whole galaxy
of magistrates officiate. Furthermore, for the greater
part of the time, the latter’s issues are distinguished
either by the presence of the monogram, A , placed
in the left-hand field above an alpha (for the mint
name, Antioch ?) or by the alpha placed beneath
other magistral monograms. At Damascus, we
find only magistrates’ monogram or initial. The
style of our Damascene coins also differentiates them
from those of Antioch. Generally speaking, it is
heavier, clumsier, and less compact. With the
exception of the first issue, the king’s head is of
^ lower relief, and not so well modelled. The flans,
also, tend to be more spread than those of the capital.
These, and other differences, are strikingly obvious
when the two series are placed »de by side and
compared.
Granted, then, that Nos. 52-66 form a compact
group by themselves, clearly differentiated from the
issues of Antioch, how do we know that they must be
assigned to Damascus? The first step is one of elim-
ination. The shrunken territories that throughout
the greater part of his reign acknowledged the sway
of Antiochus VII, comprised only Cilicia, North
Syria (including Seleuds, Pieria, and the cantons
* In the course of the year BOP, a special issue (No. 58) was
brought out, signed by two extra officials, which thus gives us four
magistrates active in that one year.
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LATE SELEUCID MINTS IN
to the east), the coastal districts of Phoenicia and
Palestine, and, finally, inner Syria, which we shall
conveniently designate as Coele-Syria. In the re-
organization carried out by Antiochus VII after the
chaos engendered by the internecine wars between
Alexander I and Demetrius II, and between the
latter and Antiochus VI and Tryphon, we sense
several changes that had come to the coinages of the
kingdom. First, a stable mint was provided for the
district of Cilicia at Tarsus* which now, for the first
time, commenced regularly to coin tetradrachms and
drachms bearing on their reverses the types of
Sandan.^ Secondly, the district of North Syria was
sufficiently furnished with the necessary coin by the
great central mint at the royal capital of Antioch.
The monetary demands of Phoenicia and Palestine
were, of course, well taken care of by the very
active mints at Sidon and Tyre, followed later, as
we have seen, by that at Ake-Ptolemais. In this
coastal district, and here alone, money of Phoenician
weight was coined, supplemented from time to time
by royal issues brought out on the accustomed Attic
standard. There thus remains unsupplied with a
suitable central mint only the important district of
Inner Syria with its great metropolis of Damascus.
To that mint alone are we logically justified in
assigning so continuous a coinage as that repre-
sented by Nos. 52-66. Finally, as we shall soon
* From time to time, small, supplementary issues were brought
out at Mallus and Seleuda on the Caiycadnus.
^ Cf. Egger Sale XLI, Nov. 1912, Nos. 725, 732. Naviile Sale X,
June 1925, Nos. 1370, 1387, 1442-50, 1487-94.
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AKE-PTOLEMAIS AND DAMASCUS 49
learn, these coins are but the beginning of a long
series of issues which lead directly into, and even-
tually end with, such coins as Nos. 115-153. It has
long been known* that these latter could have been
coined at Damascus only.
To the group of coins described here, there should
perhaps also be added the undated tetradrachm
which appeared in the Naville Sale X, June 1925,
No. 1304, PI. 49. In its style and general appearance,
the o)in is not unlike our Nos. 59-66, but as it
bears no date and as the letters in its field are never
found on the certain Damascene issues, it has not
been included.
Doubtless, royal bronze coins were also struck at
Damascus to accompany the silver issues, but at
present we have not sufficient data available to make
« definite attributions possible, or even desirable. A
visit to the museum at Damascus, and search among
the bazaars of that city, might lead to useful results.
DEMETRIUS II
Second Reign in Damascus, 129-126/5 B. C.
Year 129 B. C.
67. Tetradrachm
0^. Bearded head of Demetrius II to r. The hair
at the back of the head and of the beard is not curly.
Fillet border.
Rev. BASIAEQS AHMHTPIOT in two lines on r.,
©EOT NIKATOPOS in two lines on 1. Zeus, naked to
* Ren4 Dossaud, Journal Atiafique, Mars-Avril, 1904, pp. 199-
200 .
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LATE SELEUCID MINTS IN
waist, seated to 1. on dipkros, holding Nike in out*
stretched r. and resting 1. upon sceptre. In inner 1.
field, NA or AN. In the exergue, IlIP.
a) Naville Sale X, June 1925, No. 1354, PI. 52 (■»
White-King Coll., Schulman Sale, Sept. 1904, No. 606,
PI. vi), gr. 16.67; /3) London ( » Bunbury Coll., Sotheby
Sale, Dec. 1896, No. 545, PI. v = Numismatic Chronicle^
3rd Ser., Vol. Ill, 1883, pp. 100-102, PI. vi, 4), gr.
16.46; 7) Naville &le X, June 1925, No. 1341, PI. 51
(= Num. Chron., 4th Ser., Vol. XII, 1912, p. 254, No.
23, PI. X, 11) gr. 16.43; «) Newell, gr. 16.51, PLATE
VIII; «) Cons. Weber Coll., Hirsch &le XXI, Nov.
1908, No. 4110, PI. liii, gr. 16.68.
a, y, and 6 are from the same obverse dies, fi and
y are also from the same reverse die. It is obvious that
on the Bunbury specimen, the king’s beard has been
tooled away in modern times.
Year 129-128 B. C.
68. Tetradrachh
Obv. Similar to the preceding, but the hair is more
curly.
Rev. Similar to the preceding. Beneath the throne,
In the exergue, AIIP.
a) Newell, gr. 16.66; fi) University Museum, Phila*
delphia (— Mwzbacher Sale, Nov. 1910, No. 829, gr.
16.63, PI. 14); y) Cumberland-Clark Coll.. Sotheby &le,
Jan. 1914, No. 280, p*. 16.30, PI. viii; 6) London, No.
12, gr. 16.43, PLATE VIII; c) American Numismatic
Society, gr. 15.90.
fi and S are from the same pair of dies; e is from the
same obverse but another reverse die.
69. Tetradrachh
Obv, Similar to the preceding.
Rev. Similar to the preceding, but 2 beneath
throne.
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AKE-PTOLEMAIS AND DAMASCUS 51
a) Hirach Sale XXXIV, May 1914, No. 505, PI. xvi
(- Hirach Sale XXXIII, Nov. 1913, No. 911, PI. xxi),
gr. 16.25; fi) Egger Sale XLV, Nov. 1913, No. 767, gr.
16.06, PI. xxi; y) Locker-Lampson Coll., No. 348, gr.
16.43, PI. xxvi; 3) Hamburger S^le, June, 1930, No. 429,
gr. 16.15, PI. 14; e) Newell, gr. 16.33, PLATE- VIII;
f) London, No. 13, gr. 16.58.
a, y are from the same obverse die. 3 and e are
from another obverse die.
Year 128-127 B. C.
70 . Tetradrachm
Obv. Similar to the preceding.
Rev. Similar to the preceding. Beneath throne, g .
In the exergue, EIIP.
a) Naville Sale XVI, July 1933, No. 1449, gr. 16.57,
PI. 48; 0) Naville Sale X, June 1925, No. 1344, gr.
16.34, PI. 51; 7 ) Cambridge, McClean Coll., Vol. Ill,
No. 9330, gr. 16.42, PI. 341, 4, PLATE IX.
a, /3 and 7 are from the same obverse die.
71 . Tetradrachm
Obv. Similar to the preceding.
Rev. Similar to the preceding. In 1. field, KN.
Beneath throne, (91. In the exergue, EIIP.
Eraer Sale XL VI, May 1914, No. 2464, gr. 16.65, PI.
xl, F^I.^V' 1 '^^ I^C.
Year 127-126 B. C.
72. Tetradrachm
Obv. Similar to the preceding.
Rev. Similar to the preceding. In outer 1. field,
or Izd . Beneath throne, W or . In the exergue, OTP.
a) Glendining Sale, March 1931, No. 1161, PI. xxx ( =
Naville Sale X, June 1925, No. 1347, PI. 51), gr. 16.12;
fi) Newell, gr. 16.58, PLATE IX; 7 ) Allotte de la Fu^e
Coll., Ciani Sale, Feb. 1925, No. 899, gr. 16.10, PI. 16;
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LATE SELEUCID MINTS IN
5) Hamburger Sale 98, Apr. 1933, No. 843, ot. 16.35, PI.
26; «) Navule Sale IV, June 1922, No. 968, PI. xxxiv ( =
Schlesinger y Guzman Coll., Sotheby Sale, July 1914,
No. 117, PI. vi = Butler Coll., Sotheby Sale, July 1911,
No. 265, PI. vi), gr. 16.66; f) Bement Coll., NavUleSale
VII, June 1924, No. 1699, PI. 59 (= O’Hagan Coll.,
Sotheby Sale, May 1908, No. 674, PI. xi), gr. 16.60;
{■) Newell, gr. 16.11, PLATE IX; ri) Egger Sale, Jan.
1908, No. 627, gr. 16.51, PI. xix; $) NavilTeSale X, June
1925, No. 1345, gr. 16.68, PI. 51; t) Naville Sale X, June
1925, No. 1346, gr. 16.65, PI. 51; *) Tobin Bush Coll.,
Sotheby Sale, Nov. 1902, No. 244, PI. ii.
a, /3, y are from the same obverse die. e-t, inclusive,
are from another obverse die. 3 and k are from a
single pair of dies.
73. Tetradrachm
Obv. Similar to the preceding, but of finer style.
Rev. Similar to the preceding. Between the feet
of Zeus, A. Beneath the throne, Q. In the exergue,
<;hp.
London, No. 15, gr. 16.57, PLATE IX.
74. Drachm
Ohv. Similar to the preceding.
Rev. Similar to the preceding. The same letters in
the same positions, but no date in the exergue.
a) Jameson Coll., Vol. IV, No. 2610, gr. 3.84, PI.
cxxxvii (= Naville Sale X, June 1925, No. 1355, PI.
52); j8) Glasgow, Hunter Coll., Vol. Ill, p. 87, No. 5,
PI. Ixviii, 24, gr. 3.83. PLATE IX; y) Newell, gr. 4.04.
Year 126-125 B. C.
75. Tetradrachm
Ohv. Similar to the preceding, but style not quite so
good.
Rev. Similar to the preceding. In outer 1. field, M .
Beneath the throne, In the exergue, ZHP.
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AKE-PTOLEMAIS AND DAMASCUS 53
a) Electrotype; $) Naville Sale I, Apr. 1921, No.
3005, gr. 16.34, PI. Ixxxix, PLATE IX.
a and /3 are from the same obverse die.
76. Tetradrachm
Obv. Similar to the preceding.
Rev. Similar to the preceding. In outer 1. field, ^
above . Beneath throne, . In the exergue, IIIP.
London, No. 16, gr. 16.52, PLATE IX.
77. Tetradrachm
Obv. Similar to the preceding.
Rev. Similar to the preceding. In outer L field, A
above ♦ . Beneath throne, . In the exergue, IIIP,
London (* Bunbury Coll., Sotheby Sale, Dec. 1896,
No. 548, PI. v), gr, 16.39, PLATE IX.
Under Demetrius II, now returned from Parthia,
the mint of Damascus continued to coin its usual
dated tetradrachms. They begin in mP, which is
Antiochus VII’s last year as well as the first year of
Demetrius IPs second reign in Coele-Syria. The
magistral letters, delta and nu, are found on the
issues of both kings. They continue to appear in
the succeeding year, AEIP, but now in monogram
form. In the same year (AIIP), they are succeeded
by a monogram composed of the two letters, ksi
and delta. As these letters together cannot possibly
represent the initials of a single name, and as they
are arranged in the same manner as the preceding
delta and nu (which, themselves, must represent two
persons as shown by comparing Nos. 66 and 67), it
seems obvious that ksi and delta must also constitute
the initial letters of two separate names. During
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LATE SELEUCID MINTS IN
the short second reign of Demetrius II at Antioch
( 129-128 B. C.)» several of his issues there were
signed by the letters, S and A, or S and O.* Alexan-
der II Zebina seized Antioch, and himself began to
coin there in AIIP, employing magistrates entirely
different from those found under Demetrius.^® It
would seem quite likely, therefore, that S (at least)
had fled from Antioch with his master, and con*
tinned to work for him at Damascus for the re-
mainder of AIIP (No. 69 ) and the following EIIP
(No. 70 ). Whether the delta which accompanies his
letter at Damascus represents the same person who
had also officiated with him at Antioch, or is the A
who previously appears at Damascus, on Nos. OS-
OS, it would be difficult to determine. In any case,
the same letter, delta, again appears in <IIP (Nos.
73 - 74 ), now accompanied by an omega, which may
be only the second letter of his name but more
probably indicates another magistrate. The drachm.
No. 74 , had previously been assigned to Antioch by
the writer,'^ who at that time had failed to observe
that it must almost certainly belong with the tetra-
drachm. No. 73 . The latter’s attribution to Damas-
cus is practically assured by the presence of a date
in its exergue, a practice not followed on its silver
issues at Antioch after the reign of Antiochus VI.
Certainly it cannot have been struck at Antioch as
Alexander, not Demetrius, ruled there in this year.
The style of the die-cutting in the portraits on Nos.
• Newell, loc. d/., pp. 82-84, Nos. 320-323.
Jbid,f pp. 84—89.
n Ibid., p. 83, No. 325.
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AKE-PTOLEMAIS AND DAMASCUS 55
73-74 is far better than is customarily found at
Damascus, and more nearly approaches the excel-
lence of the Antiochene issues of the period. Can it
be that some die-engraver, too, had escaped from
Antioch and joined Demetrius in Damascus?
Throughout the years EIIP and <?IIP, alongside
these tetradrachms and drachms marked by letters
rather than by monograms, come other coins (Nos.
71-2), which bear real monograms, one in the outer
1. field, the other beneath the throne. Apparently,
the mint at Damascus was now going through a
period of unusual activity. The reason is not far
to seek. It had to supply for Demetrius the place of
the lost mint at the capital of Antioch. In EIIP, as
we have seen above, the mint at Ake-Ptolemais was
also reopened, and great coining activity begun in
' order to assist yet further the finances of Demetrius.
At Damascus, the coinage continues into ZIIP,
when a third magistrate’s monogram is added to
the field of the coin (Nos. 76^-7). This is the last
year of Demetrius’ reign. The disastrous campaign
against the usurper Alexander proceeded until
Demetrius suffered his final defeat before the walls
of Damascus, probably in the spring of 125 B. C.
He fled to Ake-Ptolemais, only to be turned away
by the exasperated Cleopatra and to meet his death
on shipboard in the harbor of Tyre.
An accompanying bronze coinage at Damascus
may be represented by the type described in
Babelon, Nos. 1 189-92, PI. XXII, 10 and the British
Museum Catalogue, PI. XXI, 1 1. The known speci-
mens are all dated AIIP. Their fabric is Syrian and
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the style not unlike that of the silver coins described
above. Certainty in the matter can hardly be at-
tained until more provenance records than are at
present available to the writer can be secured.
ALEXANDER II ZEBINA
Reign in Damascus, 125-123 B. C.
Year 125 B. C.
78. Tetradrachm
Obv. Diademed head of Alexander to r. Fillet
border.
Rev. BASIAEQS on r., AAESANAPOT on 1.
Zeus, naked to waist, seated to 1. upon throne, holding
Nike in his outstretched r. and resting 1. upon sceptre.
In outer 1. field, . Beneath throne, kI • In the
exergue, IIIP.
a) Bunbury Coll., Sotheby Sale, Dec. 1896, No. 557,
PI. v, gr. 16.26; / 3 ) Naville Sale X, June 1925, No. 1359,
PI. 52 ( = Egger !^le XLV, Nov. 1913, No. 719, PI. xx),
gr. 16.31; 7 ) Newell, gr, 15.77, PLATE X; 3) Paris, No.
1274, gr. 16.10, PI. xxiii, 3.
Year 125-124 B. C.
79. Tetradrachm
Obv. Similar to the preceding.
Rev. Similar to the preceding. In 1. field, T91 or ,
Beneath throne, idf . In the exergue, HIIP.
a) Egger Sale, Jan. 1908, No. 630, gr. 16.49, PI. xix;
0) ^mbridge, McClean Coll., Vol. Ill, No. 9334, gr.
16.63, PI. 341, 8, PLATE X; 7 ) Paris, No. 1275, gr.
14.40; 8) Glaseow, Hunter Coll., Vol. Ill, p. 91, No.
1, gr. 16.32, PT. Ixix, 6; e) Cambridge, McClean Coll.,
Vol. Ill, No. 9333, gr. 16.23, PI. 341, 7; f) Newell,
gr. 15.42.
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AKE-PTOLEMAIS AND DAMASCUS 57
0, are from the same obverse die, but on the
reverse of c the monogram beneath the throne differs
slightly in form, and the date is off flan.
80. Drachm
Obv. Similar to the preceding.
Rev. BA2IAEQS on the r., AAESANAPOT on the
h Double cornucopiae bound with a diadem. In inner
1. field, . In inner r. field, ifil . In the exergue, HITP.
Newell, gr. 3.91, PLATE X.
Year 124-123 B. C.
81. Tetradrachm
Obv. Similar to No. 78.
Rev. Similar to No. 78. In outer 1. field, l9f . Be-
neath throne, id . In the exergue, 0IIP.
Allotte de la Fuye Coll., Ciani Sale, Feb. 1925, No.
904, gr. 16.07, PI. 16, PLATE X.
82.. Tetradrachm
Obv. Similar to the preceding.
Rev. Similar to the preceding. In outer 1. field, I9r .
Beneath throne, or (^ . In the exergue, 0IIP.
a) Allotte de la Fuye Coll., Ciani Sale, Feb. 1925, No.
905, gr. 16.10, PI. 16; $) Naville SaleX, June 1925, No.
1360, gr. 16.08, PI. 52, PLATE X.
83. Tetradrachm
Obv. Similar to the preceding.
Rev. Similar to the preceding. In outer 1. field, |^.
Beneath throne, ES or 161 . In the exergue, 0IIP.
a) Naville Sale X, June 1925, No. 1361, gr. 16.30, PI.
52; 0) Schlessinger Sale 13, Feb. 1935, No. 1466, gr.
16.30, PI. 52; y) Electrotype; 3) Newell, gr. 16.07,
PLATE X; e) Paris, No. 1276, gr. 15.45; f) Glasgow,
Hunter Coll., Vol. Ill, p. 92, No. 2, gr. 15.18.
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LATE SELEUCID MINTS IN
Year 123-122 B. C.
84 . Tetradrachm
Obv. Similar to the preceding.
Rev. Similar to the preceding. In outer 1. field,
Beneath throne, BS • In the exergue, ^P.
a) Walcher de Molthein Coll., No. 3043, gr. 16.30, PI.
xxviii; /S) Naville Sale X, June 1925, No. 1362, gr. 16.43,
PI. 52; 7 ) Newell, gr. 16.57, PLATE X; 3) Paris, No.
1277, gr. 16.00; «) Newell, gr. 16.67; /?) American Numis-
matic Society, gr. 15.90.
7 , c and 3 are from the same obverse but different
reverse dies.
85 . Tetradrachm
Ohv. Similar to the preceding.
Rev. Similar to the preceding. In outer 1. field, |^.
Beneath throne, 16 . In the exergue, *IP.
a) Newell, gj. 16.10, PLATE X; fi) Yakountchikoff,
Un^hlished Coins (in Russian), p. 41, No. 105, PI.
viii, gr. 14.56.
For three full years the mint of Damascus now
proceeded to strike coins for its new master. In
style, fabric and arrangement of design they are
exactly similar to those of Demetrius. As is natural
enough, the issues of the victor start out under the
auspices of two new officials who continue in office
to the year ©HP. At that time, the monogram be-
neath the throne is changed and the new incumbent
continues through the remainder of the year and
into the next. Just before Alexander’s final issue at
Damascus, this magistrate is replaced by a new
man (No. 82). Throughout these years, the chief
magistrate (whose monogram appears in the outer
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AKE-PTOLEMAIS AND DAMASCUS 59
1. field) remains the same, sinoe i9T and are
probably but variants of one monogram. In the
year *IP, the issues come to an abrupt end, for in
123-2 B. C. Alexander was utterly defeated by the
young Antiochus VIII, and committed suicide.
We may possibly have an accompanying bronze
coinage indicated by the piece in the Hunter Collec-
tion, Vol. Ill, p. 95, No. 40, PI. LXIX, 12, whose
monogram, i^, is not unlike that of the chief magis-
trate signing our silver coins. The latter display two
slightly variant styles of workmanship. One is
quite good (Cf. PLATE X, Nos. 78-80, 82), but
commencing with year 0IIP, is gradually replaced
by a style whose chief characteristics are very low
relief, flat fabric, careless and uninteresting drawing
(cf. PLATE X, Nos. 83-85).
CLEOPATRA AND ANTIOCHUS VIII
Reign in Damascus 122-120 B. C.
Year 122-121 B. C.
86. Tetradrachm
Obv. Diademed busts of Cleopatra and Antiochus
VIII jugate to r. Fillet border.
Rev. BASIAISSHS KAEOHATPAS 0EAS in
three lines on r., KAI BA2IAEQS ANTIOXOT in
three lines on 1. Zeus, naked to waist, enthroned to 1.,
holding Nike in outstretched r. and resting 1. upon
sceptre. In outer 1. field, ^ . Beneath throne, ^ . In
the exergue, A*IP.
London, PLATE X.
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LATE SELEUCID MINTS IN
Year 121-120 B. C.
87. Tetradrachm
Obv. Similar to the preceding.
Rev. Similar to the preceding. In outer 1. field, ^ .
Beneath throne, 4^. In the exergue, B*IP.
a) Paris, No. 1359, gr. 16.45; /?) Burel Coll., Feuard-
ent Sale, June 1913, No. 343, PI. vi; 7) Butler Coll.,
Sotheby &le, July 1911, No. 270, PI. vi; 6) Cahn Sale
65, Oct. 1929, No. 261, PI. 8 (= Cahn Sale 60, July
1928, No. 1049, PI. 16), gr. 16.55; e) Schlessinger Sale
13, Feb. 1935, No. 1470, gr. 15.70, PI. 52; f) Naville
Sale X, June 1925, No. 1380, gr. 16.34, PI. 53;
f) London, No. 3, gr. 16.26; i>) Fenerly Bey Coll., Egger
&leXLI, Nov. 1912, No. 736, gr. 16.27, PI. xx; $) Newell
(Allotte de la Fu^e Coll., Ciani Sale, Feb. 1925, No. 914,
PI. 16), gr. 16.68, PLATE XI (The obverses of 87 and 88
have b^ome interchanged on the plate); 0 Glasgow,
Hunter Coll., Vol. Ill, p. 97, No. 2, gr. 15.38.
y, S, e, f, are from the same obverse die. f, iy and 6
are from another obverse die.
88. Tetradrachm
Obv. Similar to the preceding.
Rev. Similar to the preceding. In outer 1. field, ^ .
Beneath throne, AN. In the exergue, BHP.
a) Paris, No. 1360, gr. 15.50; $) Naville Sale X,
June 1925, No. 1381, gr. 16.44, PI. 53; 7) Hamburger
Sale, June 1930, No. 851, gr. 16.38, PI. 25; 3) Newell,
gr. 16.45, PLATE XI (The obverses of 87 and 88 have
become interchanged on the plate.).
7 and 3 are from the same obverse die.
No Damascene issues for Cleopatra and Antiochus
VIII are yet known for the year HP, — probably
their first in that dty. It may be that the defeat of
Alexander and the acquisition of Damascus came
too late in that Seleucid year to allow time for the
preparation of dies and the coining of money. Even
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AKE-PTOLEMAIS AND DAMASCUS 61
the issues of seem to be rare, as only one speci-
men has so far been rea>rded. In contrast, the
issues for B<IP are well represented today.
The types are the same as employed at both Ake-
Ptolemais and Antioch, but the style is poorer and
very similar to that found on the last issues of
Alexander for Damascus. Other Damascene peculi-
arities are also noticeable, such as the date in the
exergue, and the presence in the 1. field and beneath
the throne of two complicated monograms. It is
interesting to note that the one beneath the throne
on Nos. 86 and 87 is absolutely identical with the
monogram seen in the same position on the tetra-
drachm No. 19 of Ake-Ptolemais. As this is the only
occurrence of a monogram beneath the throne on the
coins of that particular mint during the reign of
•* Cleopatra, the piece may actually have been struck
at Damascus where there is always a monogram
beneath the throne. In that case we must suppose
that the official £> who signed so many issues at
Ake-Ptolemais, had been temporarily transferred
in order to reorganize the Damascus mint and start
it coining for his mistress. He signed the first
issue (No. 19) only, and then returned to his own
mint where we again find his monc^;ram on the coins
of years BTP and P4P. On the other hand, the
style of No. 19 seems more in keeping with the
issues of Ake-Ptolemais than it is with those of
Damascus. If so, then it was probably 4^ who left
the Phoenician mint and went to Damascus.
Damascene bronze coins seem still to be lacking
for the joint reign of Cleopatra and Antiochus VIII.
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LATE SELEUCID MINTS IN
Of their issues in the base metal, there are altogether
but five types known. One of these we have learned
emanated from the mint at Ake-Ptolemais (above
Nos. 10, 11, 17). Two other types (a; Paris, PI.
XXIV, 3-4; London, PI. XXIII, 5. b: Paris, PI.
XXIV, 6; London, PI. XXIII, 7) certainly belong
to the Antioch mint.^* The remaining two {a: Paris,
PI. XXIV, 8; London, PI. XXIII, 4. b: Paris, PI.
XXIV, 9; Hunter, PI. LXIX, 17) are not of Syrian
but of Cilidan fabric and so, perhaps, should be as*
signed to the mint at Tarsus.
ANTIOCHUS VIII
First Reign in Damascus, 120-113 B. C.
Year 120-119 B. C.
89. Tetradrachm
Obv. Diademed head of Antioch us to r. Fillet
border.
Rev, BA2IAEQS ANTIOXOT in two lines on r.,
EIIIOANOT2 on 1. Zeus Uranius, completely nude,
standing facing to 1., holding star in outstretched r.,
resting 1. upon sceptre. In outer 1. field, AP above AN.
In the exergue, nP. The whole surrounded by a
laurel wreath.
a) Paris, No. 1379, gr. 16.25, PI. xxiv, ll; $) Naville
SaleX, June 1925, No. 1391, gr. 16.44, PI. 53; y) Naville
Sale X, June 1925, No. 1392, gr. 16.50, PI. 54; 3) Newell,
gr. 16.49; t) Newell, gr. 15.93, PLATE XI.
ct-€ are all from the same obverse die.
90. Tetradrachm
Obv. Similar to the preceding.
» Newell, loc. cU., pp. 91-2.
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AKE-PTOLEMAIS AND DAMASCUS 63
Rev. Similar to the preceding, but with AP above
ES. Date, F*IP.
a) Cambridge, McCIean Coll., Vol. Ill, No. 9341, gr.
16.46, PI. 342, 3; $) Naville Sale X, June 1925, No.
1389, gr. 15.96, PI. 53; 7 ) Naville Sale X, June 1925,
No. 1390, gr. 16.15, PI. 53; S) London, No. 2 , gr. 15.94,
PLATE XI; e) Glasgow, Hunter Coll., Vol. Ill, p. 99,
No. 2 , gr. 16.41, PI. b^, 18.
a, and e are from the same obverse die. 8 is from
the same obverse die as No. 89 a-e.
91. Tetradrachic
Obv. Similar to the preceding.
Rev. Similar to the preceding, but with ^ above .
Date FTP.
a) Glendining Sale, March 1931, No. 1163, gr. 16.40,
PI. xxx; 0) Schlessinger Sale 13, Feb. 1935, No. 1472,
gr. 30 (sic !), PI. 52; y) Newell, gr. 16.48, PLATE XI;
8) London, No. 3, gr. 16.13; e) Glasgow, Hunter Coll.,
Vol. Ill, p. 99, No. 3, gr. 16.10.
-* a-y are all from the same obverse die.
Year 119-118 B. C.
92. Tetraorachm
Obv. Similar to the preceding.
Rev. Similar to the preceding. In inner 1. field, A
above I^. In the exergue, ATP.
Naville Sale X, June 1925, No. 1395, gr. 16.32, PI.
54, PLATE XI.
93. Tetraorachm
Obv. Similar to the preceding.
Rev. Similar to the preceding, but with AP above
E 2 . Date ATP.
Newell, gr. 16.19, PLATE XL
94. Tetraorachm
Obv. Similar to the preceding.
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LATE SELEUCID MINTS IN
Rev. Similar to the preceding, but with AP above
Date, AqP.
a) Naville Sale X, June 1925, No. 1393, gr. 16.47,
PI. 54; $) Paris, No. 1380, gr. 16.40; y) Navilfe Sale X,
June 1925, No. 1394, gr. 16.25, PI. 54; 5) Luneau Coll.,
Platt Sale, March 1922, No. 750, PI. xvi; c) Newell, gr.
16.33; f) Newell, gr. 16.44, PLATE XI; f) London, No.
4, gr. 16.46; ij) Mrs. E. T. Newell, gr. 15.96; i;) Glasgow,
Hunter Coll., Vol. Ill, p. 99, No. 4, gr. 16.52.
y-f are from the same obverse die as No. 92. a and
9 are from another obverse die.
95. Tetradrachm
Obv, Similar to the preceding.
Rev. Similar to the preceding, and with the same
two mon<^ams, but no date.
a) Allotte de la Fu5^ Coll., Ciani Sale, Feb. 1925, No.
926, gr. 16.20, PI. 16; 0) Commerce, PLATE XII;
y) American Numismatic Society, gr. 16.40 (the upper
monogram on this piece appears to be I A).
a and fi are from the same obverse die as Nos. 92 and
94r-f.
Year 118-117 B. C.
Series I
96. Tetradrachm
Obv. Similar to the preceding.
Rev. Similar to the preceding. In inner 1. field, ^
above |^f . In the exergue, EqP.
a) Paris, No. 1381, gr. 15.90; 0) London, No. 5, gr.
16.19; y) Commerce; 3) Newell, gr. 16.38, PLATE
XII; e) Naville Sale I, Apr. 1921, No. 3012, gr. 16.27,
PI. Iscxix.
8 from the same obverse die, now very slightly re-
toudied, as Nos. 92, 93, y-f, 95.
Series II
97. Tetradrachm
Obv. Similar to the preceding.
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AKE-PTOLEMAIS AND DAMASCUS 65
Rev. Similar to the preceding, but Zeus is draped.
Same monograms and date.
a) London, No. 6, gr. 16.45; 0) Naville Sale X, June
1925, No. 1398, PI. 54 (= Naville Sale I, Apr. 1921, No.
3013, PI. Ixxxix), gr. 16.40; y) Naville Sale X, June 1925,
No. 1397, gr. 16.30, PI. 54; a) Newell, gr. 16.48, PLATE
XII; c) Cambridge, McClean Coll., \^1. Ill, No. 9342,
gr. 16.32, PI. 342, 4.
is from the same obverse die as No. 96 f. y, S and
c are from another obverse die.
98. Tetradrachm
Obv. Similar to the preceding.
Rev. Similar to the preceding, with the same mono-
grams but no date.
Naville Sale X, June 1925, No. 1404, PI. 54 ( =
Naville &le V, June 1923, No. 2814, PI. Ixxviii =» Sir
Herman Weber Coll., Vol. Ill, 2, No. 7927, PI. 290),
gr. 16.37, PLATE XII.
This is from the same obverse die as the following
No. 99 a.
Year 117-116 B. C.
99. Tetradrachm
Obv. Similar to the preceding.
Rev. Similar to the preceding. In inner 1. field, ^
above . In the exergue, <S*IP.
a) London, No. 7, gr. 16.41; 0) Paris, No. 1384, gr.
16.60; 7) Glendining Sale, March 1931, No. 1164, gr.
16.23, PI. XXX (s Naville Sale X, June 1925, No. 1400,
PI. 54) ; a) Newell, gr. 16.30; «) Newell, gr. 16.32; f) New-
ell, gr. 16.27, PLATE XII; D Newell, gr. 16.27; q) Glas-
gow, Hunter Coll., Vol. Ill, p. 100, No. 9, gr. 15.83.
y and S are from the same die as No. 98. e and f are
from another obverse die.
Year 116-115 B. C.
100. Tetradrachm
Obv. Similar to the preceding.
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66
LATE SELEUCID MINTS IN
Rev. Similar to the preceding. In I. inner field, ^
above ^ . In the exergue, Z^P.
0 -/J) Paris, Nos. 1389 and 1390, gr. 16.25 and 16.00;
7 ) Newell, gr. 16.17, PLATE XII.
The coin in Cahn Sale 84, Nov. 1933, No. 416, gr.
13.78, PI. 14, is surely a modern forgery.
101. Tetradrachm
Obo. Similar to the preceding.
Rev. Similar to the preceding. In 1. inner field, W
above . Date, ITP.
«) Naville Sale X, June 1925, No. 1401, gr. 15.69, PI.
54, PLATE XII; /3) Walcher de Molthein Coll., No.
3051, gr. 16.52, PI. xxviii.
102. Tetradrachm
Obv. Similar to the preceding.
Rev. Similar to the preceding. In 1. inner field, 171
above EZ. Date, Z^P.
a) Paris, No. 1394, gr. 16.30; fi) Newell, gr. 16.28;
7 ) Newell, gr. 16.57, PLATE XI I; 3) Naville &IeX, June
1925, No. 1402, gr. 15.77, PI. 54; «) Newell, gr. 16.15;
f) Newell, gr. 15.41.
/8 and 7 are from the same obverse die as No. 101/3.
5, e and f are from another obverse die.
Year 115-114 B. C.
103. Tetradrachm
Obv. Similar to the preceding.
Rev. Similar to the preceding. In 1. inner field, (71
above EX. In the exergue, H*IP.
So described by E. Babelon, Rots de Syrie, p. 181,
No. 1395. The cast of this coin, kindly sent by M.
Jean Babelon, shows it to be the following variety. No.
104. The description of No. 103 has, however, been
retained as there seems to be no real reason why such
a variety should not once have existed. This state-
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AKE-PTOLEMAIS AND DAMASCUS 67
ment is premised on No. 102 and the fact that at the
Damascus mint under Antiochus VIII the same pair
of magistrates frequently signed coins for two or more
years in succession.
104. Tetradrachm
Obv. Similar to the preceding.
Rev. Similar to the preceding. In I. inner field, MS
above . In the exergue, H*IP.
a) Newell, gr. 14.82; /3) Hess Sale 207, Dec. 1931,
No. 676, PI. 16 (= Naville Sale X, June 1925, No.
1403, PI. 54), gr. 16.20; y) Newell, gr. 16.42, PLATE
XIII; 5) Glasgow, Hunter Coll., Vol. Ill, p. 100, No.
10, gr. 16.08; ^ Paris, No. 1395 (see preceding note),
and y are from the same obverse die.
Year 114-113 B. C.
105. Tetradrachm
Obv. Similar to the preceding.
Rev. Similar to the preceding. In 1. inner field, MS
above H. In the exergue, 0*IP.
a) Newell, gr. 16.51, PLATE XIII; /3) Glasgow,
Hunter Coll., Vol. Ill, p. 100, No. 11, gr. 16.01.
After Cleopatra had been removed, the issues of
Antiochus VIII appear at Damascus in his name
alone and with his usual reverse type of Zeus
Uranius, standing nude and holding a star in his out-
stretched right hand. Two magistrates, ^ (some-
times in the form AP) and AN, who had functioned
under Cleopatra, carry over onto the issues of the
new reign.
From 120 to 113 B. C., the coinage of Antiochus
VIII at Damascus proceeds in an orderly and unin-
terrupted fashion, year by year. At least one
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LATE SELEUCID MINTS IN
magistrate, sometimes two or three, carry over
from the old to the new year throughout the series.
We also possess instances of obverse dies doing the
same. There can be little doubt, therefore, that all
the varieties catalogued above represent the issues
of a single mint. Identity of style and fabric point
to this conclusion.
As before, the coins are dated — with but two ex-
ceptions, Nos. 95 and 98. Since, however, the mono-
grams borne by these coins are identical with ones
found on the dated pieces, and as in each case there
is also a community of obverse dies, we may be
certain that these undated specimens emanated
from the same mint as the dated ones. Under
Demetrius II, the number of magistrates func-
tioning for each full year at Damascus was usually
four. Under Alexander II and Cleopatra, the
number fell to an average of three. With the open-
ing of Antiochus VI IPs sole reign, they increased to
four again for the first two years (r*IP and A<IP),
fell to two in E*IP and CJ<IP, increased again to four
in Z*JP and H*IP. Only two are known for the
final year (0*IP) of his first reign at Damascus.
Because these particular coins are extremely rare,
the appearance of new specimens may alter the
record. On the other hand, Antiochus VIII may
have ruled at Damascus for only a portion of that
year before the city was seized by his half brother
Antiochus IX Cyzicenus.
. Bevan“ places the attack of Cyzicenus at “about
u Loc. eit., Vol. II. p. 253. Bouch6-Leclercq, HisUtire des StUu-
cides, pp. 402, 602, likewise places the rebellion of Cyzicenus In 117-
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AKE-PTOLEMAIS AND DAMASCUS 69
1 16 B. C.” Even if this be so, Antiochus IX got no
hold on any of the Syrian, Phoenician or Palestinian
mints striking dated coins until the year 113 B. C.,
at the earliest. At Antioch, we have coins both of
Grypus and of Cyzicenus dated in At
Damascus and Ake-Ptolemais, also, we find the
latest date on the coins of Grypus to be 0*IP, The
earliest date of Cyzicenus at Damascus is 2, while
at Ake-Ptolemais it is AS. The evidence furnished
by minor and more intermittently coining mints is a
little more equivocal. The latest known date of
Grypus at Sidon is H*IP, at Ascalon it is Z*IP. But
the earliest coins of Cyzicenus known for Sidon^®
and Ascalon^® bear the date S. In the light of the
evidence from the larger and more prolific mints,
this is significant. Thus by 1 13-1 12 B. C., the hold
on his kingdom by Grypus had become so weakened
that he retired*^ to Aspendus to recoup his power
and raise fresh troops of mercenaries for a renewed
trial of strength.
116 B. C. There is no numismatic evidence to support these dates,
as the pretended coins of Antiochus IX dated and Z^IP (de
Saulcy, Les monnaies daUes des Sileucides, p. 72 based only on
Mionnet and Sestini) do not exist. The earliest known dated coin
of Antiochus IX was struck in the year 0^P, or 114-113 B. C.
M Newell, loc. cit., pp. 95 and 97.
Rouvier {Jour. ini. d'arch. n«m., Vol. 5, 1902, p. 132), Nos.
1280-1; Paris, No. 1467.
Imhoof-Blumer, Monnaies grecques, p. 436, No. 118; Choix,
PI. VII, 222.
Bevan, loc. ciL, p. 255.
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LATE SELEUCID MINTS IN
ANTIOCHUS IX CYZICENUS
First Rule in Damascus, lli-circa 109 B. C.
Year 113-112 B. C.
106. Tetradrachm
Obv. Diademed head of Antiochus IX to r. Fillet
border.
Rev. BA2IAEQS ANTIOXOY in two lines on r.,
^lAOIIATOPOS on 1. Helmeted Athena standing to
r., holding Nike in outstretched r. and resting 1. on
shield and spear. In 1. field, /Si above E 2 . In the
exergue, S. The whole surrounded by a laurel wreath.
a) London; 0) Gla^ow, Hunter Coll., Vol. Ill, p.
104, No. 4, gr. 16.50; y) Newell, g;r. 16.35; 5) Newell,
gr. 16.28, PLATE XIII.
7 and 5 are from the same obverse die.
107. Tetradrachm
Obv. Similar to the preceding.
Rev. Similar to the preceding. In 1. field, M above
EZ. Date 2.
a) Hartwig Coll., Santamaria Sale, March 1910, No.
824, PI. xv; iP) Naville SaleX, June 1925, No. 1461, gr.
15.83, PI. 57 (= Egger Sale, Jan. 1908, No. 653, PI. xx);
7 ) Newell, gr. 16.45, PLATE XIII.
Year 112-111 B. C.
108. Tetradrachm
Obv. Similar to the preceding.
Rev. Similar to the preceding. In 1. field, ^ above
ES. In the exergue AS.
a) Naville Sale X, June 1925, No. 1457, gr. 15.75,
PI. 57; 0) Dresden; 7 ) Prof. Sir Charles Oman Coll.;
3) Newell, gr. 16.36, PLATE XIII.
a is from the same obverse die as No. 106, 7 , 3.
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AKE-PTOLEMAIS AND DAMASCUS 71
109. Tetradrachm
Obv. Similar to the preceding.
Rev. Similar to the preceding. In 1. field, above
n. Date AS.
a) Prof. Sir Charles Oman Coll.; Allotte de la
Fuye Coll., Ciani Sale, Feb. 1925, No. 939, gr. 14.90,
PI. 17; y) Naville Sale X, June 1925, No. 1458, gr.
14.80, PI. 57; «) Newell, gr. 15.84; t) Newell, gr. 16.32,
PLATE XIII.
a and 7 -e are from the same obverse die.
Year 11 1-1 10 B. C.
110. Tetradrachm
Obv. Similar to the preceding.
Rev. Similar to the preceding. In 1. field, above
AT . In the exergue, B 2 .
a) Newell, gr. 16.15; /3) Newell, gr. 16.15, PLATE
XIII; 7 ) Athens; 3) Newell, gr. 16.56, PLATE XIII.
a and are from the same obverse die. 7 and 3 are
from another obverse die.
As stated above, the first issues which we possess
at Damascus of Antiochus IX Cyzicenus are dated
2 (113-112 B. C.). They bear the monograms of
three magistrates, but with no more than two ap-
pearing on any one coin, as was the usual practice at
Damascus. One of these, E2, may represent the
same magistrate who had previously officiated under
Grypus during the years P^P^* and A*IP.^* The
types used are the customary ones for Cyzicenus;
his portrait on the obverse; a standing Athena sur-
rounded by a laurel wreath on the reverse.
In the year A2, we again find E2 working, but
“ No. 90. »» No. 93.
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now with two new associates. Of these, if was
apparently the chief mint master, for his monogram
appears on all specimens and is always placed above
the others. He continues to officiate in BS, after
which no more silver coins of Cyzicenus are known
for the Damascus mint. As, likewise, no coins of
Grypus for Damascus have turned up dated in the
year PS, we cannot be certain whether Cyzicenus
managed to maintain his hold on the city through-
out that year or had to cede it to his brother. The
latter’s Damascene issues begin again with the
year AS.
Bevan is correct in questioning*® Babelon’s cate-
gorical statement,*^ that Damascus was the capital
of Antiochus IX. Even now that we are for the
first time enabled to divide such Attic issues of
Cyzicenus as were not struck at Antioch or Tarsus,
between Damascus and Ake-Ptolemais, and al-
though we now possess many more varieties than
were at Babelon’s disposal, the coins do not reveal
clearly whether Damascus, rather than Ake-
Ptolemais, was Cyzicenus’ real capital. It may well
have been so, for the dty was not so exposed to
attacks from the sea as was Ake-Ptolemais. On
the other hand, the latter place would be more im-
mune to land attacks than was Damascus. All that
the coins can teach us definitely,** is that Antiochus
IX was master of these two cities from the year 2
(113-112 B. C.) through BS (l 11-1 10 B. C.).
^ hoc. cU.^ p. 255t note 3.
Loc. ciU^ p. cbd.
ss Bevan*8 stricture* p. 255, note 3* that ‘‘NumUmatic data
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AKE-PTOLEMAIS AND DAMASCUS 73
ANTIOCHUS VIII GRYPUS
Second Reign in Damascus, after 109 B. C.
Year 109-108 B. C.
111. Tetradrachm
Ohv. Diademed head of Antiochus VIII to r. Fillet
border.
Rev, BASIAEQS ANTIOXOY in two lines on r.,
EIII^ANOYI] on 1. Zeus Uranius, draped, standing
facing to 1., holding star in outstretched r. and resting
1. upon sceptre. In 1. field, If above XH. In the ex-
ergue, apparently AS.
Newell, gr. 15.93, PLATE XIV.
112. Tetradrachm
Ohv. Similar to the preceding.
Rev, Similar to the preceding. In 1. field. If above
X. The date is illegible, but on $ appears to have been
AS.
a) Naville Sale X, June 1925, No. 1409, gr. 16.08,
PI. 55; $) Newell, gr. 15.77, PLATE XIV.
are, of course, liable to be misleading” has unfortunately been, to a
certain extent in the past, perfectly true. Students were not always
careful about thdr readings and rather too prone to make conjec-
tures based upon their own suppositions or upon insufficiently pre-
served or authenticated specimens. Historians, not being for the
most part numismatists, caimot always sense the numismatic pit-
falls, and so accept conjectures as more or less established facts.
Well-preserved and perfectly legible coins present definite and
dependable, contemporary data, usually much surer than literary
sources which are frequently distorted by the tendential writing
of the ancient authors themselves and further vitiated by doubtful
readings, scribal errors and twenty centuries of editorial emenda-
tions.
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Year 108-107 B. C.
113. Tetradrachm
Obv. Similar to the preceding.
Rev, Similar to the preceding. In 1. field, If above
IH. In the exergue, ^ ^ (almost certainly ES).
Newell, gr. 16.55, PLATE XIV.
This coin is from the same obverse die as No. 111.
Year 104-103 B. C.
114. Tetradrachm
Ohv. Similar to the preceding.
Rev. Same inscription as on the preceding. Zeus
Nikephorus, naked to waist, enthroned to 1. In outer 1.
field, A above S, above A. Beneath throne, M. In
the exergue, 0S.
o) Sir Charles Oman {Numismatic Chronicle, 4th Ser.,
Vol. XVII, 1917, PI. viii, 7), PLATE XIV; 0) Newell
(on this specimen, the date and one monogram are off
flan), gr. 16.38, PLATE XIV.
The return of Grypus from Aspendus has been
dated by Bevan^ in the year 11 1-1 10 B. C. (B2).
At Damascus, however, we have found the coins of
BS still bearing the name and types of Cyzicenus.
The succeeding year remains to us a blank, so far as
Damascus is concerned, for we have no coins at all
from its mint bearing the date PS. But in AS,
the face and name of Grypus reappear (No. 111).
At least, what remains of the exergual date ('^.)
on the single known specimen can only be read as
AS. It cannot be AS, the sole alternative, as that
year is pre-empted by coins of Cyzicenus (Nos.
** Loc, ciU, p. 255. See also Newell, loc. cit„ pp. 103-5.
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AKE-PTOLEMAIS AND DAMASCUS 75
108-9). Furthermore, the unusually flat relief of
No. 1 1 1 is nearest in quality to No. 1 10$. As indi-
cated by its degenerate style and bad die-cutting
No. 1 1 1 can only follow, not precede, the far better
issues of Cyzicenus at Damascus. The chief magis-
trate tf of Cyzicenus’ years AS and BS, carries on
under Grypus for two years more, that is, through
years AS and ES. Then there comes a definite
break in the material at our disposal, the first of any
consequence in thirty-one years. Whether Cyzice-
nus was able to recover Damascus, or whether
Grypus still held on to the city, we do not know.
The next specimen available (No. 114), still bears
the name and well-known features of Grypus. It is
dated ©S, or 104-103 B. C. But now the reverse
type has been changed, to make the issues of Damas-
cus conform with those of the more important mint,
Antioch. There, a similar change in the reverse type
had taken place at about this time.*^ The standing
Zeus Uranius, a type which had for so long been
peculiar to the coin issues of Grypus, is now re-
placed by the more usual seated Zeus Olympius
holding a tiny winged and wreath-bearing Nike in
his outstretched hand. But while conforming in
type, the style of No. 114 remains typically Da-
mascene, differing fundamentally from that preva-
lent at Antioch.*® The date is still to be found in
the exei^e. In addition to the monograms in the
1. field, we find another monogram, M, placed be-
« Newell, loc. cit., pp. 105-7,
»Cf. NeweU, loc. at., PI. XII, 405, 407; London. PI. XXVI, 3;
Paris, PI. XXV, 9.
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LATE SELEUCID MINTS IN
neath the throne, ynder the succeeding kings of
Damascus, we shall note that this monogram has
become almost a fixture on its diver issues.
No. 114 remains the last known silver coin of
Grypus which we possess from the Damascus mint.
Curiously enough, there are also no more known
silver issues of Cyzicenus which by their style or
monograms could be assigned to this dty. Did
Grypus hold Damascus, or did Cyzicenus? Who
can tell? Historians, on the authority of Josephus,**
suppose that the final decade of the second century
and the early years of the first, represent a period
of tadt peace between the two brothers, due to
their utter exhaustion. They believe that Grypus
held the north, Cyzicenus the south. For Damascus,
we possess no numismatic evidence of such a situa-
tion, although we do know now that Grypus was
ruling there in the years 109 - 8 , 108-7 and 104-3
B. C. If Cyzicenus held it for the remainder of the
time, and it constituted his capital, as Babelon
daims, it seems passing strange that this long
established and hitherto active mint did not coin
silver in his name. On the other hand, Cyzicenus
appears to have issued but little silver at all during
this period. We possess only the tetradrachm of
Ake-Ptolemais (No. 51 ) dated in CJ2 ( 107-6 B. C.),
a tetradrachm** dated HS ( 105-4 B. C.) whose types
point to Tripolis in Phoenida or to Elaeusa in
Cilida, and some very late-style** issues of Tarsus
** Antiquit., XIII. 327.
” Numismotie Chrtmide, 4th Ser., Vol. XIX, 1919, PI. X, 7.
»lbid., pp. 213-5.
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AKE-PTOLEMAIS AND DAMASCUS 77
which may perhaps belong to this period. He does
not coin silver again prolifically until the last two
years of his life when he once more secured the mint
of Antioch on his brother’s death in 96 B. C.
The lack of a silver coinage of Cyzicenus for the
period from 107/6 to 98 B. C., may reasonably be
attributed to the utter exhaustion of his resources.
But the dire results of the fratricidal war between
the two brothers may also be recognized in the case
of Grypus, who, during the years 108-96 B. C„
struck silver only at Antioch and the one Damas-
cene issue here described (No. 114). Apparently
his depleted treasury, too, allowed only one mint to
remain continuously active.
If Cyzicenus really held Damascus at any time
after 107 B. C., it is possible that his rather common
bronze coins of Syrian fabric (obverse, bust of Eros,
reverse, Nike)** might be assigned to this dty.
The authenticated dates which they bear, namely
A2, B2, ES, AI2, BIS, would not be inimical to
the suggestion. A few of these coins have turned up
in the Princeton excavations at Antioch, while
another was found in the Harvard excavations at
Samaria.*® Other provenance records are not avail-
able. Consequently, the question had best be left in
abeyance. The same applies to a possible assign-
ment to Damascus of Syrian bronze coins of Grypus
which display his radiate head on the obverse, and
a winged thunderbolt on the reverse;** or the pieces
M Paris. PL XXVI, 4; London, PL XXV. 9.
** Hanmrd Excavations at Samaria, VoL I, p. 263, No. 32, PI. 62,
No. 99.
n Paris. PI. XXV. 11; London. PL XXIV. 6.
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having his laureate portrait on one side and the
standing figure of Zeus Uranius on the other.*^
DEMETRIUS III
Reigned in Damascus, 96->87 B. C.
Year 96-95 B. C.
115 . Tetradrachm
Ohv. Diademed, bearded head of Demetrius III to
r. Fillet border.
Rev. BASIAEQS AHMHTPIOY OEOT in three
lines on r., ^lAOIIATOPOS SQTHPOT in two lines
on I. Archaic, facing agaltna of Atargatis with arms
extended, holding flower in her 1. hand. Her head is
veiled and at times apparently radiate, and from it
depend two long, frequently knotted fillets ending in
tassels. Behind each shoulder rises a stalk of barley.
In outer 1. field, ^ above t • In the exergue, ZIZ M .
The whole is surrounded by a lamel wreath.
a) London, No. 1, gr. 15.70; fi) Helbing Sale, Nov.
1928, No. 4084, gr. 15.40, PI. 74; y) Cahn Sale 71, Oct.
1931, No. 557, gr. 15.60, PI. 17; «) Newell, gr. 15.64,
PLATE XIV.
y-i are from the same obverse die.
116 . Tetradrachm
Ohv. Similar to the preceding.
Rev. Similar to the preceding. In 1. field, A above
N. In the exergue, ZI2 .
a) Naville Sale X, June 1925, No. 1553, gr. 15.58,
PI. 62 (= Ratto Sale, April 1909, No. 4921, PI. xix);
6) Newell, gr. 15.46, PLATE XIV.
a and are from the same obverse die.
«a Parte. PI. XXV, 17.
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AKE-PTOLEMAIS AND DAMASCUS 79
117. Bronze Unit
Ohv. Radiate, diademed, bearded head of Demetrius
to r. Circle of dots.
Rev. Same inscription as on the preceding. Winged
Nike advancing r. holding wreath in her upraised r.
and palm in 1. In outer 1. field, A . In the exergue,
IIS.
Rogers Coll., gr. 6.25.
117a. Bronze Unit
Obv. Similar to the preceding.
Rev. Similar to the preceding, but A above N in
1. field.
£. Zygman Coll., gr. 7.22.
118. Bronze Half
Ohv. Diademed head of Demetrius to r. Circle of
dots.
Rev. Same inscription as on the preceding. Hermes,
nude, standing facing, holds palm in r. and caduceus in
1. In outer 1. field, k above )£ . In the exergue,
IIS KH.
a) NeweU, gr. 3.99, PLATE XIV; /3) ? Paris, No.
1574, gr. 4.25.
Year 95-94 B. C.
119. Tetradrachm
Ohv. Similar to the preceding. Fillet border.
Rev. Same inscription as on the preceding. Atarga-
tis as on No. 115. In outer 1. field, N above k . In the
exergue, HIS PI .
a) Cambridge, McClean Coll., Vol. Ill, No. 9359, gr.
15.56, PI. 343, 9 (= Tobin Bush Coll., Sotheby &le,
Nov. 1902, No. 267); 0) Glai^ow, Hunter Coll., Vol.
Ill, p. 113, No. 1, gr. 15.20, PI. Ixx, 15; 7) London, No.
2, gr. 15.97, PLATE XIV.
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LATE SELEUCID MINTS IN
120. Bronze Unit
Obv. Similar to No. 117.
Rev. Similar to No. 117. In outer 1. field, JL above
. In the exergue, HIS.
a) London; j8-y) Paris, Nos. 1563, gr. 6.50, PI.
xxviii, 1, and 1566, gr. 6.20, PLATE XV.
121. Bronze Half
Obv. Similar to No. 118.
Rev. Similar to No. 118. In outer 1. field, & above
X. Date, HIS.
Paris, No. 1575, gr. 4.50, PI. xxviii, 6, PLATE XV.
122. Bronze Half
Obv. Similar to the preceding. Fillet border.
Rev. Similar to the preceding. In outer 1. field, N
above A . In the exergue, HIS.
Glasgow, Hunter Coll., Vol. Ill, p. 114, No. 6, gr.
5.18, PI. Ixx, 16.
Year 94-93 B. C.
123. Tetradrachm
Obv. Similar to the preceding.
Rev. Atargatis as on No. 119. In outer I. field, N
above A . In the exergue, 0IS M .
a) Paris, No. 1568, gr. 15.10; /3) London, No. 3, gr.
15.58, PLATE XV; y) Naville Sale X, June 1925, No.
1554, gr. 15.77, PI. 62 (= Egger Sale, Jan. 1908, No.
664, Pi. xxi).
124. Bronze Unit
Obv. Similar to No. 117.
Rev. Similar to No. 117. In outer 1. field, N above
A. In the exergue, 0IS.
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AKE-PTOLEMAIS AND DAMASCUS 81
Newell (purchased by Mrs. Agnes Baldwin Brett at
Petra), gr. 7.90, PLATE XV.
125. Bronze Half
Ohv, Similar to No. 118.
Rev. Similar to No. 118. In the exergue, 0IS.
Rogers Coll., gr. 3.63.
Year 92-91 B. C.
126. Tetradrachm
Ohv. Similar to No. 123.
Rev. Atargatis as on No. 123. In outer 1. field, N
above A. In the exergue, AK2 KH .
a) Paris, No. 1569, gr. 15.65, PI. xxviii, 3; 0) R.
Jameson Coll., No. 1763, gr. 15.91, PI. xc; 7 ) Naville
Sale X, June 1925, No. 1556, gr. 15.42, PI. 62 ( =
Egger ^le XLV, Nov. 1913, No. 745, PI. xx = Egger
Sale, Jan. 1908, No. 665, PI. xxi); 5) Newell, gr. 12.96
(corroded); e) Newell, gr. 15.13, PLATE XV;
f) Naville Sale X, June 1925, No. 1555, gr. 16.11, PI.
62 (= Cons. Weber Coll., Hirsch Sale XXI, Nov.
1908, No. 4141, PI. liv), gr. 16.12.
0-€ are from the same obverse die.
Year 91-90 B. C.
127. Tetradrachm
Ohv. Similar to the preceding.
Rev. Similar to the preceding. In outer I. field, A
above E. In the exergue, BK2.
Naville Sale X, June 1925, No. 1557, gr. 15.09, PI. 62,
PLATE XV.
Year 90-89 B. C.
128. Tetradrachm
Ohv. Similar to the preceding.
Rev. Similar to the preceding. In the outer 1. field,
N above A. In the exergue, FKS KH .
London, No. 4, gr. 16.06, PLATE XV.
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LATE SELEUCID MINTS IN
Year 89-88 B. C.
129. Tetradrachm
Obv. Similar to the preceding.
Rev. Similar to the preceding. In the exergue,
AKS.
Eckhel, Doctrina Numorum Veterum, Vol. Ill, p. 245.
Babelon, loc. cit., p. clxxii, states that he has seen two
specimens of this date in the commerce.
Year 88-87 B. C.
130. Tetradrachm
Obv. Similar to the preceding.
Rev. Similar to the preceding. In outer 1. field, N
above ♦ . In the exergue, EKS .
Cambridge, Leake Coll.. PLATE XV.
131. Bronze Unit
Obv. Radiate, bearded head as on No. 1 1 7.
Obv. Inscription and winged Nike as on No. 117.
In outer 1. field, NI above 4>I. Date off flan.
London, gr. 5.31, PLATE XV.
In the year 96 B. C., Grypus was assassinated,
and chaos again reigned supreme over the last
remaining portion of the once great Seleucid empire.
Antiochus IX Cyzicenus seized Antioch and in-
stalled himself there,®* but was immediately at-
tacked by the eldest of the sons of Grypus, Seleucus
VI. Another son, Demetrius by name, leaving his
numerous brothers to settle scores, first with
** Newell, loc . dt ., i>p. 108-110.
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AKE-PTOLEMAIS AND DAMASCUS 83
Cyzicenus and then with the latter's son, Antiochus
X, profited by the confusion and secured Damascus
with the help of Ptolemy Lathyrus, king of Cyprus.
Here he established himself firmly and immediately
revived the coinage of this desert metropolis.
Silver tetradrachms, and bronze coins in two
denominations, now appeared in a steady flow from
its mint. Fortunately, the practice of dating the
coins, finally abandoned at all other Seleudd mints,
was continued at Damascus, thus definitely linking
the new coins with its preceding issues which had
been distinguished by this same useful feature.
Similarity of style and fabric also connect the present
with earlier issues, while the magistrate signing him-
self k, on Nos. 115 and 117-123, may be identical
with the person signing himself L on the last
Damascene issue of Grypus (No. 114). Another
notable feature of the new coinage is the almost
constant presence of the monogram PI, alongside
the date in the exergue. The same monogram had
appeared on the above mentioned final issue of
Grypus. In the present case, it appears continu-
ously from ZIS to EKS, and again under Tigranes
from AMS to PMS. If it denotes a magistrate,
then this person enjoyed a longer tenure of office
than any other official we have met with at Damas-
cus. That being so, are we not justified in sus-
pecting that KH may have some other connotation?
Perhaps it is something in the nature of a real
mint-mark. As it is obviously composed of the twP
letters delta and eta, it may represent the initial
letters of a name, which it has long been
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LATE SELEUCID MINTS IN
suspected, that Damascus at this time bore in
honor of its king, Demetrius III.”
Another important innovation was introduced on
the silver issues of Damascus at this time. No
longer do we find a distinctly Seleudd royal type on
the reverse — such as Zeus, Apollo, Athena, and the
like. Instead, we have a type of local significance,
similar to the “Pyre of Sandan” on the Seleudd
issues of Tarsus, or the statue of Athena Magarsis
on thdr coins struck at Mallus.” We see what is
probably a local representation of the great goddess
Atargatis,” a divinity revered for ages throughout
Syria. She appears in her oriental a^ct and as a
fertility goddess, mummiform in shape and with
grain-stalks sprouting from each shoulder. In her
left hand, she holds what has usually been described
as three ears of barley, but so crudely rendered that
their true nature remains perhaps somewhat doubt-
ful. She is fadng, hands and fore-arms jutting
stiffly out to either side; from her veiled and (some-
times) radiate head, two long, tasselled fillets de-
**R. Duasaud. Journal asiatique, Mars-AvrO 1904, p. 198;
Wroth. Brit. Mus. Cat., Galatia etc., p. Ixzvi.
** Babelon, loc. cit., pp. czxxii, cxxxiii, czItU.
** As suggested by Babelon, loc. cit., p. dzxi, and confirmed by
R. Dussaud, Journal asiatique, 1904. p. 200, numismatic works in
general content themselves with calling the figure simply Demeter.
But it is a Demeter of very archaic and distinctly oriental appear-
ance. like innumerable “Mother Goddesses” and Cybeles of Asia
Minor. In Syria she would certainty be named Atargatis. Inter-
estingly enough, her veiled bust, with a barley-stalk rising from her
shoulder and others depicted above her head, may be seen in a bas-
rMtf from her recently discovered Nabataean shrine atop of Jebel
et-Tannur in Tiaiujordania. Cf. American Journal of ArchaaeUogy,
Vol. XLI, 1937, p. 374, Fig. 13.
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AKE-PTOLEMAIS AND DAMASCUS 85
pend. Her body, from neck to ankles is covered
with pendant designs suggestive of human breasts,
but which certainly cannot have been intended for
such.** Possibly they represent leaves or petals,
such, for instance, as may be seen covering the bust
(and even the face) of Atargatis, goddess of foliage
and fruits, on a bas-relief recently discovered at
Khirbet et-Tann<ir, the Nabataean temple of the
goddess on the summit of Jebel et-Tannflr.*^ On
the upper portion of her body is a large, uncertain
object which seems to have escaped the notice of
previous scholars. This is not surprising as most of
the coins available are more or less worn. To the
writer, it suggests something in the nature of a
facing head; but only a perfectly preserved example
would allow the object to be definitely identified.
The types of the accompanying bronze coins have
a more orthodox Greek aspect. They occur in two
denominations, of which the larger has for its re-
verse type a winged victory walking to r. ; the small-
er, a Hermes standing to 1. They bear dates from
ZI2 to 612, accompanied by monograms or letters
such as are also found on the tetradrachms. Other
specimens are without dates, and these coins may
cover the later years of Demetrius’ reign. Whether
w They might be so interpreted did they but cover the torso alone.
Instead they are found also from the waist to the ankles. Meurer.
Die Mammae der Artemis Ephesia. ROmische Mitteibmgen, XXIV,
1914, has shown that even on the well-known statues of the Ephe-
sian Artemis these breast-like objects must be thought of as por-
tions of a broad pectoral ornament, and are not themselves ac-
tually Intended to represent breasts.
American Journal of Archaeology, Vol. XLI, 1937, p. 375, Figs.
Hand 15.
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LATE SELEUCID MINTS IN
they, too, should be ascribed to Damascus is still
uncertain as we have no provenance notices, and
the letters which they bear do not correspond with
those found on the tetradrachms. For that reason,
they have not been included in our catalogue.
Though maintaining his chosen province more
successfully than his brothers did theirs, Demetrius
showed himself to be a true Seleucid in his restless
ambition for additional territory. At one time he
even succeeded in seizing upon Antioch, whose mint
then issued some of its typical tetradrachms in his
name.** He interfered in the affairs of Judaea, and
even marched with his army to Shechem in Samaria
to assist the Jews in rebellion against Alexander
Jannaeus — but nothing came of the matter and he
soon returned to Damascus. Finally, in 88-87 B. C.,
he fell out with his brother Philip and besieged him
in Beroea. An Arab chieftain, Aziz by name, and
Mithradates, the Parthian governor of Mesopo-
tamia (?), came to Philip’s aid and eventually
forced Demetrius to capitulate. He was taken to
Parthia where he was honorably treated by the
king, and later died in captivity.
ANTIOCHUS XII
Reign In Damascus, 88-84 B. C.
Year 87-86 B. C.
132. Tetradrachm
Obv. Diademed head of Antiochus XII to r. Fillet
border.
“Newell, loc. ciL, pp. 117-8.
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AKE-PTOLEMAIS AND DAMASCUS 87
Rev. BASIAEQS ANTIOXOY Eni^ANOYS in
three lines on r., ^»IAOIIATOPOS KAAAINIKOY in
two lines on 1. Bearded statue of Hadad standing fac-
ing on double basis; wearing a tall, pointed cap; a long
mantle fastened about his shoulders; holding a barley
stalk in 1. hand, and flanked by the foreparts of two
bulls. In the exergue, it? CKS. The whole is surround-
ed by a laurel wreath.
London, PLATE XV.
Year 86-85 B. C.
133. Tetradrachm
Ohv. Similar to the preceding.
Rev. Similar to the preceding. In the outer 1.
field, C7. In the exergue, ASKS.
Dresden (Imhoof-Blumer, Monnaies grecgues, p. 437,
No. 121, PI. H, 15), gr. 15.70.
Year (?)
134. Tetradrachm
Ohv. Similar to the preceding.
Rev. Similar to the preceding. In outer 1. field, .
Date in the exergue is illegible.
R. Jameson Coll., No. 2361, gr. 15.19, PI. cxxv ( =
Ej^er Sale XLV, Nov. 1913, No, 746, PI. xx), PLATE
Group I
135. Bronze Unit
Ohv. Diademed, draped bust to r. Circle of dots.
Rev. BASIAEQS ANTIOXOT AIONYSOT in
three lines on r., EHI^ANOTS . AOIIATOPOS
KAAAINIKOY in three lines on 1. Zeus, naked to
waist, standing, facing 1., holds Nike in outstretched r.
and rests 1. upon sceptre. In the exergue, itf. The
whole in circle of dots.
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LATE SELEUCID MINTS IN
a) London, No. 5, PI. xxvii, 3; fi-y) Gla^ow, Hunter
Coll., p. 1 16, Nos. 3 and 4, gr. 6.74 and 6.67; 3) Paris, No.
1579, gr. 7.30, PI. xxviii, 9; e) Paris, No. 1580, gr. 7.90;
f) Newell, gr. 6.97, PLATE XVI.
136. Bronze Quarter
Obv. Diademed head to r. Circle of dots.
Rev. Same inscription as on the preceding. Hermes
standing, facing 1., holding palm in r. and caduceus in 1.
«) Paris, No. 1582, gr. 2.00, PI. xxviii, 10, PLATE
XVI.
Group II
137. Bronze Unit
Obv. Similar to No. 135.
Rev. Similar to No. 135, but without AIONTSOT.
In outer 1. field, ifl.
a) London, No. 6, PI. xxvii, 4; fi) Glasgow, Hunter
Coll., Vol. Ill, p. 116, No. 5, gr. 7.00; 7) Paris, No.
1581, gr. 8.10; 3) Newell, gr. 6.46, PLATE XVI.
138. Bronze Half
Obv. Similar to the preceding.
Rev. BASIAEQS ANTIOXOY EHI^ANOTS in
three lines on r., ^lAOHATOPOS KAAAINIKOT on
1. Apollo, naked, standing to 1., holds palm in r. and
leans with 1. arm on tripod. In outer 1. field, ifl.
a) Glasgow, Hunter Coll., Vol. Ill, p. 116, No. 6, gr.
5.18, PLATE XVI.
139. Bronze Half
Obv. Similar to the preceding.
Rev. Same inscription as on the preceding. Nike
advancing to r., holding wreath in extended r. and
palm in 1.
Paris, No. 1588, gr. 3.90, PI. xxviii, 14, PLATE XVI.
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AKE-PTOLEMAIS AND DAMASCUS 89
Group III
140. Bronze Unit
Ohv. Diademed, draped bust to r. Circle of dots.
Rev, BASIAEQS ANTIOXOT EHI^ANOTS in
three lines on r., ^lAOUATOPOS KAAAINIKOT in
two lines on 1. Draped female figure wearing KalathoSf
standing to 1., holding palm in extended r. and comu-
copiae in 1. In outer 1. field, or it) .
a-fi) Glasgow, Hunter Coll., Vol. Ill, p. 115, Nos.
1 (PI. Ixx, 18) and 2, gr. 7.55 and 7.42; 7-6) Paris,
Nos. 1583 (PI. xxviii, 11) and 1584, gr. 6.60 and 6.55;
e) Newell, gr. 8.64, PLATE XVI.
141. Bronze Half
Obv, Diademed head to r. Circle of dots.
Rev. Same inscription as on the preceding. Apollo,
naked, standing to 1. holding palm in extended r. and
leaning 1. arm on tripod. In outer 1. field, itJ or pll.
ot—y) London, Nos. 1-3, PI. xxviii, 1 ; d-f) Glasgow,
Hunter Coll., Vol. Ill, p. 116, Nos. 7-9, er. 3.99, 3.82
and 3.60; f) Paris, No. 1586, gr. 4.10; ij) Newell, gr.
3.93; 0) Newell, gr. 5.11, PLATE XVI.
142. Bronze Unit
Obv. Similar to No. 140. Somewhat crude die-
cutting.
Rev. Similar to No. 140, but die-cutting somewhat
crude. In outer I. field, H.
a) London, No. 4, PI. xxviii, 2; 0) Newell, gr. 5.87,
PLATE XVI.
143. Bronze Half
Obv. Similar to No. 141.
Rev. Similar to No. 141. In outer 1. field, H.
London, gr. 3.45, PLATE XVI.
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LATE SELEUCID MINTS IN
Demetrius III, as ruler of Damascus and its sur-
rounding districts, was succeeded by his younger
brother, Antiochus XII, who bore the resounding
appellations of Dionysus, Epiphanes, Philopator,
Callinicus. The mint continued to issue silver and
bronze coins, but now with the new king’s name
and portrait.
The reverses of the tetradrachms are henceforth
graced with a most interesting representation of the
great god of Damascus, Hadad.*® He is provided
with his usual attributes, the ear of grain and the
bulls sacred to him. The dates on two of these rare
coins read CKS and ZKS,^ but, unfortunately, the
date on M. Jameson’s specimen is illegible.
The undated bronze coins comprise three denom-
inations and, apparently, fall into three groups ac-
cording to their inscriptions and monograms. The
earliest group is probably represented by Nos.
135-6, which are provided with the epithet Diony-
sus, in addition to Epiphanes Philopator Callinicus.
On the remaining coins Dionysus is omitted, as it is
on the known silver pieces. Groups I and II are
associated with the earliest tetradrachm. No. 132,
by the monogram, itl , which they have in common.
This monogram cannot possibly denote the mint at
Ake-Ptolemais, as Babelon states." For Antiochus
XII never ruled over this city, his dominions being
»» R. Dussaud, Journal asiaiique^ Mars-Avril, 1904, p. 200,
Correctly read by Imhoof-Blumer who first published the
piece (No. 133). Babelon, loc. ctL, p. clxxiii, reproduces the zeia
as a stigma, but apparently accepts the date as being 227 A. S.
« Loc. cit., p. 209, Nos. 1579, 1581.
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AKE-PTOLEMAIS AND DAMASCUS 91
confined to Inner Syria. Furthermore, all of his
issues exhibit the typical Damascene style and
fabric. The monogram in question must denote
some magistrate in charge of the mint.
On the bronze coins, the figures of Hermes (No.
136 ) and Nike (No. 139 ) are directly copied from
the issues of his predecessor, Demetrius. To these,
Antiochus XII added the Zeus (Nos. 135 , 137 ), the
Apollo (Nos. 138 , 141 , 143 ) and the Tyche (Nos.
140 , 142 ). On most of his coins, Antiochus is de-
picted as a beardless youth, but on a few (cf.
PLATE XV, 132 ; PLATE XVI, 135 , 137 ), he like
his elder brother, Demetrius, is unmistakably pro-
vided with a beard.
Soon after his accession, the Nabataean Arabs
commenced to cause Antiochus XII serious trouble.
While he was away trying to overcome this menace,
his brother Philip suddenly appeared before Damas-
cus. The city gates were opened to him by Milesius,
the governor. On receiving the bad news Antiochus
hastened back, but not before Milesius had himself
repented of his act and had shut the gates against
Philip at a time when the latter chanced to be out-
side the walls, watching some chariot races in the
hippodrome. Antiochus joined forces with his
repentant governor and together they forced Philip’s
withdrawal. The latter’s tenure of Damascus ap-
pears to have been so brief that it is not surprising to
note that no coins of Philip, of Damascene style
and fabric, have as yet been recorded.
After a short interval Antiochus left on another
expedition against the Nabataeans, during which he
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LATE SELEUCID MINTS IN
perished in some hard-fought skirmish with these
marauding Arabs.
ARETAS III
Reign in Damascus, circa 84-72 B. C.
144. Bronze Unit
Ohv. Diademed head of Aretas to r., with long hair.
Border of dots.
Rev. BADIAEQS APETOT in two lines on r.,
^lAEAAHNOS on 1. Nike as City-goddess standing
1., winged, turreted, holding wreath in outstretched r.
and palm in 1. In outer 1. field, . Border of dots.
a) London, Arabia etc., p. 1, No. 1, gr. 8.16, PI. i, 1;
0) London, No. 2, gr. 8.02, PI. i, 2, PLATE XVI.
For additional specimens and references, see R. Dus-
saud. Journal asiatique, Mars-Avril 1904, p. 205, Nos.
1-2, PI. i, 1.
145. Bronze Half
Ohv, Similar to the preceding.
Rev. Same inscription as on the preceding. Draped
female figure standing to 1., r. hand extended, 1. resting
upon sceptre.
a) Paris, PLATE XVI; /S) Glasgow, Hunter Coll.,
p. 297, No. 4, gr. 2.95, PLATE XVI.
For additional references, see R. Dussaud, loc. cit.,
p. 206, No. 5, PI. i, 3.
146. Bronze Unit
Ohv. Similar to the preceding.
Rev. Same inscription as on the preceding. Tyche,
draped and turreted, stretching out r. hand and holding
cornucopiae in 1., seated 1. on rock from which issues
river-god swimming to front. In outer 1. field, Af.
Circle of dots.
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UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA
U. C. BERKELE YLjgR^ES
Murii I iwni ir^lB
flSiyHCB9&ttiSi
AKE-PTOLEMAIS AND DAMASCUS 93
a-y) Glasgow, Hunter Coll., Vol. Ill, p. 297, Nos. 1-3,
gr. 8.00 (PI. 18), 7.74 and 6.29; London,
Arabiaetc., pp. 1 - 2 , Nos. 3-6, gr. 7.43 (PI. i, 3), 6.08, 7.14
(PI, i, 4) and 5.62; 17 ) de Luynes Coll., Vol. IV, No. 3494,
PI. cxxx, gr. 7.85; 6) Newell, gr. 7.02; 0 Newell, gr. 6.76;
k) Newell, gr. 5.93, PLATE XVI; X) Newell, gr. 6 . 68 ,
PLATE XVI.
For further specimens and references, see R. Dus-
saud, loc, cit., pp. 205-6, Nos. 3-4, PI. I, 2 .
According to Josephus, Antiquities XIII, 392,
after the death of Antiochus XII, the masterless
territory of Damascus was threatened by seizure on
the part of the robber dynasty of the Ituraeans of
Chalds. Rather than suffer such a fate, the Damas-
cenes preferred the lesser evil and called upon
Aretas III, the able king of the Nabataeans, to rule
over them. He responded with alacrity and en-
tered the city amid popular rejoicing.
No silver coins of Aretas are as yet known to us,
although there seems to be no reason why the still
active mint of Damascus might not have struck
such at this juncture. It certainly did strike
bronze coins, in considerable quantities, with the
name and portrait of the Nabataean prince. On
their obverses, we find the clean-shaven features of
Aretas, endowed with the copious locks of the Arab
race and a formidably curved nose, quite as hawk-
like as those of his Seleudd predecessors, Grypus
and Antiochus XII. Perhaps to indicate that under
benevolent Nabataean rule Damascus was to lose
none of her dvic or local power, the reverses of these
bronze coins display the dty-goddess in various
aspects. In one case (No. 144, PLATE XVI), she
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LATE SELEUCID MINTS IN
stands in the guise of Nike, winged and holding
wreath and palm-branch, yet turreted as a dty-
goddess should be. Again (No. 145, PLATE XVI),
she stands wingless but holding a patera (?) and
sceptre. Finally (No. 146, PLATE XVI), she as-
sumes the familiar attitude peculiar to the Tyche of
Damascus. Like the more famous Tyche of Anti-
och, from whose well-known statue our present type
is directly copied, she is seated, turreted, on a rock,
while beneath her feet is depicted the swimming
figure of the river Chrysaroas. Unlike the Tyche of
Antioch, she holds a comucopiae in her 1. arm, and
stretches the r. straight out before her, as if blessing
with her beneficent powers the happy and industri-
ous populations of her fertile oasis. These particu-
lar details always clearly differentiate^ the Tyche
of Damascus from her numerous sisters throughout
the Greek world, even down to her last appearance
on the issues of the city under the Emperor Volusian,
more than three hundred years later.
" R. Dusaaud, loe, ett., p. 199. has already remarked upon this
fact, which enabled him correctly to assign to Damascus a certain
group of the tetradrachms of Tigranes. Cf., below, pp. 95-100. It
is interesting to note that in imperial times, beginning with Hadrian,
an untied fillet almost invariably depends from the outstretched r.
hand of the Tyche of Damascus. Numismatists have invariably
misinterpreted this object when describing the city’s coins. As a
curiosity we give here the various interpretations of the object in
question by De Saulcy in his well known Numismatique de la Tent
SainU, pp. 37-50, who to his own coins has there added descriptions
culled from the pages of earlier writers such as Eckhel, Sestini and
Mionnet: un Poisson (f) on p. 37, Hadrian No. 2 and Antoninus
Pius No. 1, p. 41, Macrinus No. 1; nns massue, on Ueud'un Poisson
on p. 39. Septimlus Severus No. 1; un qnadrupide attongi, plutdt
gu'uH Poisson on p. 46, Otacilia No. 3; un rameou on p. 46, Otadlia
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AKE-PTOLEMAIS AND DAMASCUS 95
TIGRANES
Reign in Damascus, 72-69 B. C.
Year 72-71 B. C.
147 . Tetradrachm
Obv. Head of Tigranes to r., diademed and wearing
tall tiara” edged with pearls and adorned on the top
with “rays” and on the side with a star and an eagle
who turns his head backward. Fillet border.
Rev. BASIAEQS on r., TIPPANOr on 1. Tur-
reted and draped figure of the Tyche of Damascus
seated to 1. upon a rock at whose feet is the upper por-
tion of a swimming figure. The Tyche extends her r.
arm at full length before her, and holds a comucopiae in
her 1. In outer 1. field, N above A. In the exergue,
AMS (?). The whole is surrounded by a laurel wreath.
Paris, p. 214, No. 16, gr. 15.25, PLATE XVI.
No. 1; un lihre par Us orttUes on p. 50, Trebonianus No. 1. This
last “interpretation'’ has not been too felicitously corrected by
Wroth, British Museum Catalogue, Galatia, etc., p. 287, No. 28 and
footnote, who calls the object a “short club (?) with fillets attached"!
On PLATE XVII, C-F are given a few reproductions of similar
coins in the author’s collection. A dose inspection shows clearly
that the object in question is actually a t»x>ad, untied fillet, hanging
by one of its end-ties from the goddess’ band. The ribbon-tie
(sometimes two in number) at the other end of the fillet, hangs
down loosdy. On the final iUustiatlon (F), a odn of Vdusian, the
fillet proper seems to have been embroidered with a laurel- or palm-
leaf design, thus luobably accounting for the interpretation of the
object by Eclcheland Wrothasadub. But a dub never dspcnds in
this manner from a hand, it is usually hdd in an upright position.
Otherwise, it at least rests upon the ground and is never thus sus-
pended in mid-air! The untied fillet, on the other hand, is identical
with the one to be seen hdd by the figure of Kbnon I in the now
famous wall laintlng of the ‘Temple of the Palmyrene Gods’ at
Dura on the Euphrates. Cf. James H. Breasted, Oriental Fore-
runners of Byzantine Painting, pi>. 80 and 86, Plates IX and XIII.
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96 LATE SELEUCID MINTS IN
Year 71-70 B. C.
148. Tetradrachm
Obv. Similar to the i»‘eceding.
Rev. Similar to the preceding. In outer I. field, 1^
above 6E above CN>. In inner 1. field, A. In the
exergue, BM2.
a) Newell (from Damascus), gr. 15.37; 0) London,
No. 1, gr. 15.80, PI. xxvii, 5, PLATE XVII.
Year 70-69 B. C.
149. Tetradrachm
Obv. Similar to the preceding.
Rev. Similar to the preceding. Same monogram
and letters in the field as before. In the exergue,
PMS.
Paris, p. 214, No. 17, gr. 12.10, PI. xxix, 11, PLATE
XVII.
Undated
150. Bronze Unit
Obv. Similar to the preceding. Circle of dots.
Rev. BA2IAEQS on r., TIPPANOT on I. Tyche
of Antioch seated to I. as on the preceding coins. In
outer 1. field, N. Circle of dots.
London, gr. 7.60, PLATE XVII,
151. Bronze Unit
Obv. Similar to the preceding.
Rev. Similar to the preceding. In outer 1. field,
0E above OO.
a) Paris, No. 19, gr. 7.55, PI. xxix, 12; 0) Newell,
gr. 9.31; y) London, No. 10, gr. 8.47, PI. xxvii, 7,
PLATE XVII; 3-f) Glasgow, Hunter CoU., Vol. Ill,
p. 3, Nos. 10-13 (letters off flan), gr. 6.42, 6.09, 6.03
(PI. Ixiii, 4), 4.05.
U. C. BERj^LEY LIBR^IES
AKE-PTOLEMAIS AND DAMASCUS 97
152 . Bronze Half
Ohv, Similar to the preceding.
Rev. Same inscription as on the preceding. Tyche
standing to 1., resting r. on tiller, and holding comu-
copiae in 1. In outer 1. field, KH.
a) Paris, No. 22, gr. 3.00, PI. xxix, 14; /5) Newell, gr.
4.60, PLATE XVII.
Figure 1
153 . Bronze Half (or Third?)
Ohv. Similar to the preceding.
Rev. Same inscription as on preceding. Nike ad-
vancing to 1., holding wreath in outstretched r., palm
in 1. In outer 1. field, 0E above O^.
E. Zygman Coll., gr. 2.67. Cf. Fig. 1.
In 83 B. C., Tigranes the Great of Armenia swept
over northern Syria and installed himself at Antioch,
invited by the Antiochenes, now heartily weary of
the Seleudds and their misrule. Coins alone inform
us that he eventually secured Coele-Sjnia and the
great metropolis of Damascus, as well. How or
when Tigranes had thus succeeded in ousting Aretas
and his Nabataeans from the dty, our andent
historians fail to relate.
The coin issues of Tigranes the Great have long
ago been studied m their entirety by Sir George
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LATE SELEUCID MINTS IN
Macdonald." He has there dearly demonstrated
that they must fall into three main categories,
which he designates Periods I, II and III.” It is
probable, however, that these categories, correct in
themselves, correspond in the main not so much to
successive periods of time as to different places of
mintage. The great and very obvious differences to
be noted in their several styles, fabrics, types and
systems of offidal control-marks, render it practi-
cally impossible to assign all these coins to any one
mint, or even district, within the short space of
thirteen years which represents the duration of
Tigranes’ rule over Syria.
Thus the coins of Macdonald’s ” Period I” are
certainly issues brought out at Antioch, as is dearly
demonstrated by their style and fabric, both abso-
lutdy typical of the Antiochene mint at this period.
They probably cover the entire period of Tigranes’
rule in Antioch (83-69 B. C.), and their style and
fabric are continued on the immediately succeeding
issues of Antiochus XIII (69-65 B. C.)," which
could have been struck at Antioch only.
The coins of “Period II” probably represent the
issues of his Armenian capital, Arsamosata, or of the
newly-built Tigranocerta. The use of the oriental
title and the presence of both
annual and monthly dates — peculiar to the coins
of Macdonald’s “Period II ’’-distinctly reveal the
influence of Parthian and Pontic practices. The
mint of the “ Period II ” coins must therefore have
«* Numismatic ChronicU, 4th Ser., Vol. II. 1902. pp. 193-201.
** Newell, loc. dt„ pp. 125-8.
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U- C. J.ERKELEY LIBR^I^
AKE-PTOLEMAIS AND DAMASCUS 99
been so situated that it was most easily accessible
to such influences. Only in Armenia proper, or in
northern Mesopotamia, would this be true. The
use of this title and of monthly dates is never found
in Syria. Furthermore, the silver coins of “Period
IT’ are, with but a single exception, composed
solely of drachms. No drachms are known to ac-
company the issues of “Period I,” i. e., from the
mint at Antioch, and in fact no Seleucid drachms are
known from that mint after the reign of Antiochus
X," nor do they occur at Damascus after the reign
of Alexander II Zebina. But in this connection it is
important to note that the immediate successors of
Tigranes the Great (i. e., Artavasdes, Tigranes II)
struck silver only in the drachm size and of the same
style and fabric as drachms (“ Period II ’’) of the first
Tigranes. As none of the later Armenian princes
ruled in Syria, but only in what was left to Armenia
by the Roman reorganization of the East, their
coins could have been struck nowhere except at
Arsamosata or, possibly, Tigranocerta. Hence Mac-
donald’s “ Period IT* coins should be assigned to one
or the other of these two mints.
As regards Maolonald’s “Period III” coins, R.
Dussaud clearly saw^ that their principal type, the
seated Tyche of Damascus, points unmistakably to
that dty as their only possible mint. Although
slightly more crude in style, these Damascene silver
issues of Tigranes conform in other respects to the
issues of his Seleucid predecessors. We find a local
" Newell, loc.. ciU^ pp. 113-4.
« Loc. cU.. p. 199.
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LATE SELEUCID MINTS IN
type gracing the reverse as before, accompanied in
the I. field by the monogram and the initials of
various magistrates, while a Seleudd date is still to
be seen in the exergue. The corresponding bronze
coins are in three denominations, two of which bear
civic types, the seated Tyche of Damascus on the
larger size, the standing Tyche on the smaller. The
third or smallest denomination bears a Nike as its
reverse type. Hence, the “Period III” coins of
Tigranes, following Dussaud, must now be assigned
to the mint of Damascus.
If the date on No. 147 has been correctly read, it
informs us that at least by 72-7 1 B. C., Tigranes had
managed to secure Damascus. The final date,
FMS, is the very year in which the famous Roman
general, Lucius Lucullus, invaded Armenia. The
news reached Tigranes just after he had successfully
completed the siege of Ake-Ptolemais.^^ He has-
tened north, only to meet complete disaster at the
hands of Lucullus and his veteran army. By 68
B. C. all Armenian power had been cleared out of
Syria, and the country faced a new master. That
Damascus recovered her freedom at this time is
suggested by the bronze coin — ^if correctly described
— of autonomous types which Mionnet records.** It
bears the date CMP and the inscription AAMACK.
Damascus had now gained full local autonomy and
was no longer a royal Seleudd mint.
Josephus. Antiquiti€S, XIII, 16, 4.
S. Vol. VIII, p. 193, No. 3, after Sestini, Lett. num. eont., Vol.
VI, p. 86, No. 1.
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UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA
U. C. BERKELEY LIBR^IES^
rnumumm mv I i""n
AKE-PTOLEMAIS AND DAMASCUS loi
TABULAR SURVEY OF THE LATER
SELEUCID COINAGES OF AKE-PTOLEMAIS
AND DAMASCUS
I
AKE-PTOLEMAIS
Demetrius II
Second Reign, 129-126 B. C.
No.
Denom.
Date
Monograms
1
Tetr. (A)«
EHP
2
“ (Ph).
41
4 4 4 4
3
2dr. (Ph).
44
44 44 4 4
4
Tetr. (A).
—
4 4 4 4
5
“ (Ph).
CJIP
4 4 44
6
Didr. (Ph.)
41
44 4 4
Cleopatra
Sole Reign, 126-125 B. C.
7
Tetr. (A).
znp
Cleopatra and Antiochus VIII
Joint Reign, 125-
-121 B. C.
8
Tetr. (A).
—
t
9
“ (Ph).
znp
44
10
AE (Unit).
44
44
11
<4
44
^ or H.
12
ae (K).
44
(Municipal Issue).
13
Tetr. (Ph).
HHP
£
14
AE (Unit).
44
44
(A)’* f<dlowing
denomination
denotes the Attic weight
system, **(Ph)’* denotes the Phoenician.
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102 ; LAmSELEUCID MINTS IN
No.
Denom.
Date
Monograms
15
AE (K).
HIIP
(Municipal Issue).
16
Tetr. (A).
enp
t
17
AE (Unit).
enp
II
18
AE (K).
it
ni or W or N.
(Municipal Issue).
19
Tetr. (A).
Aqp
20
Tetr. (Ph).
Bqp
II
21
4 <
<1
“ m
Antiochus VIII
First Reign, 121-
•113 B. C.
22
Tetr. (Ph).
BTP
1
23
AE (H).
U
(Municipal Issue).
24
Tetr. (Ph).
rqp
M
25
AE (K).
II
(Municipal Issue).
26
Tetr. (Ph).
Eqp
M
27
AE (HI
II
“ or A . (Municipal
Issue).
28
Tetr. (A).
—
“ (Nude figive).
29
Tetr. (Ph).
qqp
II
30
Didr. (Ph).
zqp
II
31
Tetr. (Ph).
II
AT
32
Tetr. (A).
—
M (Draped figure).
33
Tetr. (Ph).
Hqp
AT
34
Didr. (Ph).
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87-84 B. C.
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PLATE XVII
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U. C. BERKELEY LIBRARIES
im ■■•M ••••• •■■ii ■laaa iiiu mil Mill illll IIIIJH
52.
53.
54.
55.
56.
57.
58.
59.
60.
61.
62.
63.
64.
65.
66 .
67.
68 .
69.
70.
71.
72.
73.
74.
75.
76.
77.
78.
79.
80.
81.
82.
83.
Numismatic Notes and Monographs
iCoHiinued)
O. Ravel. Corinthian Hoards (Corinth and Arta). 1932. 27
pp. 4 pis. $1.00.
Jean B. Cammann. The Symbols on Staters of Corinthian
Type (A Catalogue). 1932. 130 pp. 14 double pis. $3.00.
Shirley H. Weber. An Egyptian Hoard of the Second Century
A. D. 41 pp. 5 pis. 1932. $1.50.
Alfred R. Bellinger. The Third and Fourth Dura Hoards.
1932. 85 pp. 20 pis. $1.50.
Harrold £. Gillingham. South American Decorations and War
Medals. 1932. 178 pp. 35 pis. $3.00.
Wm. Campbell. Greek and Roman Plated Coins. 1933. 226
pp. 190 + pis. $3.50.
E. T. Newell. The Fifth Dura Hoard. 1933.
$ 1 . 00 .
D. H. Cox. The Tripolis Hoard. 1933. 61 pp. 8 pis. 2
maps. $1.50.
E, T. Newell. Two Hoards from Mintumo.
5 pis. $1.00.
Howland Wood. The Gampola Larin Hoard.
10 double pis. $3.00.
J. G. Milne. The Melos Hoard of 1907. 1934.
$ 1 . 00 .
A. F. Pradeau. The Mexican Mints of Alamos and Hermosillo.
1934. 73 pp. illus. $1.50.
E.T. Newell. A Hoard from Siphnos. 1934. 17 pp. illus. 50c.
C. H. V. Sutherland. Romano-British Imitations of Bronze
1935. 35 pp. 8 double pis. $2.00.
Ephemeral Decorations. 1935. 40
14 pp. 2 pis.
1933. 38 pp.
1934. 84 pp.
19 pp. 1 pi.
A Bibliography of
pp. $1.5J).
Byzantine Coin
1935.
Coins of Claudius I
Harrold E. Gillingham.
pp. 11 pis. $2.00.
Sawyer McA. Mosser.
Hoards. 1935. 116 __
Edward T. Newell. Five Greek Bronze Coin Hoards.
67 pp. 9 double pis. $2.00.
Alfred R. Bellinger. The Sixth, Seventh and Tenth Dura
Hoards. 1935. 75 pp. 5 pis. $1.00.
Frederick O. Waage. Greek Bronze Coins from a Well at
Megara. 1935. 42 pp. 3 pis. $1.00.
Sydney P. Noe. The Thurian Di-Staters. 1935. 68 pp. 11
double pis. $2.00.
John Walker. The Coinage of the Second Saffarid Dynasty in
Sistan. 1936. 46 pp. 4 double pis. $1.00.
Edward T. Newell. The Seleucid Coinage of Tyre. 1936.
34 pp. 5 pis. $1.00.
Margaret Crosby and Emily Grace. An Achaean League
Hoard. 1936. 44 pp. 4 pis. $1.50.
Agnes Baldwin Brett. Victory Issues of Syracuse after 413
B. C. 1936. 6 pp. 2 pis. 50c.
Edward T. Newell. The Pergamene Mint under Philetaerus.
34 pp. 10 pis. $2.50.
Charles C. Torrey. Aramaic Graffiti on Coins of Deraanhur.
13 pp. 2 pis. $1.00.
Sydney P. Noe. A Bibliography of Greek Coin Hoards.
(Second Edition). 1937. 362 pp. $4.00.
Naphtali Lewis. A Hoard of Folles from Seitz (Alsace). 1937.
81 pp. 5 pis. $2.00.
Harold Mattingly and W. P. D. Stebbing. The Richborough
Hoard of ‘Radiates/ 1931. 1938. 118 pp. 15 pis. $2.50.
Alfred R. Bellinger. Coins from Jerash, 1928-1934. 1938.
141 pp. 9 pis. $2.50.
Edward T. Newell. Miscellanea Numismatica: Cyrene to
India. 1938. 101 pp. 6 pis. $2.00.
David M. Bullowa. The Commemorative Coinage of the United
States 1892-1938. 1938. 192 pp. 10 pis. $2.50.
Go
Numismatic Notes and Monographs
{Continued)
20. Harrold E. Gillingham. Italian Orders of Chivalry and Medals
of Honour. 146 pp. 34 pis. $2.00.
21. Edward T. Newell. Alexander Hoards — III. Andritsaena.
1924. 39 pp. 6 pis. $1.00.
22. C. T. Seltman. A Hoard from Side. 1924. 20 pp. 3 pis.
$ 1 . 00 .
23. R. B. Seager. A Cretan Coin Hoard. 1924. 55 pp. 12 pis.
$ 2 . 00 .
24. Samuel R. Milbank. The Coinage of Aegina. 1925. 66 pp.
5 pis. $2.00.
26. Edward T. Newell. Mithradates of Parthia and Hyspaosines
of Characene. 1925. 18 pp. 2 pis. 50c.
27. Sydney P. Noe. The Mende (Kaliandra) Hoard. 1926. 73
pp. 10 pis. $2.00.
28. Agnes Baldwin. Four Medallions from the Arras Hoard. 1926.
36 pp. 4 pis. $1.50.
29. H. Alexander Parsons. The Earliest Coins of Norway. 1926.
41 pp. 1 pi. 50c.
30. Edward T. Newell. Some Unpublished Coins of Eastern
Dynasts. 1926. 21 pp. 2 pis. 50c.
31. Harrold E. Gillingham. Spanish Orders of Chivalry and
Decorations of Honour. 1926. 165 pp. 40 pis. $3.00.
32. Sydney P. Noe. The Coinage of Metapontum. 1927 (Part I).
134 pp. 23 pis. $3.00.
33. Edward T. Newell. Two Recent Egyptian Hoards — Delta
and Keneh. 1927. 34 pp. 3 pis. $1.00.
34. Edward Rogers. The Second and Third Seleucid Coinage of
Tyre. 1927. 33 pp. 4 pis. $1.50.
35. Alfred R. Bellinger. The Anonymous Byzantine Bronze Coin-
age. 1928. 27 pp. 4 pis. $1.50.
36. Harrold E. Gillingham. Notes on the Decorations and Medals
of the French Colonies and Protectorates. 1928. 62 pp.
31 pis. $2.00.
37. Oscar Ravel. The “Colts” of Ambracia. 1928. 180 pp. 19
pis. $3.00.
38. Howland Wood. The Coinage of the Mexican Revolutionists.
1928. 53 pp. 15 pis. $2.50.
39. Edward T. Newell. Alexander Hoards — IV. Olympia. 1929.
31 pp. 9 pis. $1.50.
40. Allen B. West. Fifth and Fourth Century Gold Coins from
the Thracian Coast. 1929. 183 pp. 16 pis. $3.00.
41. Gilbert S. Perez. The Leper Colony Currency of Culion. 1929.
10 pp. 3 pis. 50c.
42. Alfred R. Bellinger. Two Hoards of Attic Bronze Coins.
1930. 14 pp. 4 pis. 50c.
43. D. H. Cox. The Caparelli Hoard. 1930. 14 pp. 2 pis. 50c.
44. Geo. F. Hill. On the Coins of Narbonensis with Iberian In-
scriptions. 1930. 39 pp. 6 pis. $1.00.
45. Bauman L. Belden. A Mint in New York. 1930. 40 pp.
4 pis. 50c.
46. Edward T. Newell. The KtichUk Kdhne Hoard. 1931. 33
pp. 4 pis. $1.00.
47. Sydney P. Noe. The Coinage of Metapontum. Part II.
1931. 134 pp. 43 pis. $3.00.
48. D. W. Valentine. The United States Half Dimes. 1931.
79 pp. 47 pis. $5.00.
49. Alfred R. Bellinger. Two Roman Hoards from Dura-Europos.
1931. 66 pp. 17 pis. $1.50.
50. Geo. F. Hill. Notes on the Ancient Coinage of Hispania
Citerior. 1931. 196 pp. 36 double pis. $4.00.
51. Alan W. Hazelton. The Russian Imperial Orders. 1932. 102
pp. 20 pis. $3.00.
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